Determine Blood Pressure

If the resistance increases, cardiac output decreases and the blood pressure increase and if the resistance decreases, cardiac output increase and the blood pressure decreases. During each contraction, the amount of blood pumped out by one ventricle is stroke volume. The number of heartbeat in each minute is known as heart rate. The normal heart rate value for adult is 60-100 beats per minute. The cardiac output is directly proportional to the stroke volume and heart rate. The average arterial pressure during one cardiac cycle is mean arterial pressure (MAP), which is directly related to the cardiac output and resistance. The instrument sphygmomanometer with an air cuff attached to the reservoir is used to detect blood pressure associated with the pulse.

| |Coronary circulation |that pushes blood to the organs, |Abnormal heart rhythms or arrhythmias |

At a large scope, Bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate. On average, a heart rate of 60 to 100 beats per minute is normal. However, if your heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute, it is slower than normal. A slower heart rate is either an indication of a healthy heart, since athletic individuals usually acquire a heart rate less than 60. On the other hand, it can also be an issue with the heart’s electrical system.

Systolic heart failure is characterized by enlarged ventricles that are unable to fully contract to pump enough blood into circulation to adequately perfuse tissues. The enlargement in ventricles is due to an increased end-systolic volume. If the heart is not able to sufficiently pump the expected volume of blood with each contraction, which in a normal healthy heart is 50-60%, there will be a residual volume left in the heart after every pump (Heart Healthy Women, 2012). With the next period of filling, the heart will receive the same amount of blood volume from the atria combined with that residual volume from the previous contraction. This causes the ventricles to have to dilate to accommodate this increase in volume. The dilation causes the walls of the ventricles to stretch and become thin and weak. Also the myocardium, the muscle layer of the heart, will stretch and not be able to adequately make a full and forceful enough contraction to push blood from the ventricles (Lehne, 2010).

|  |The amount of blood (mL) coming from one ventricle in one heartbeat is called  |

THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON BLOOD PRESSURE Courtney Triplett Bio 211 Lab Mark Fandel March 3rd, 2015 ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to measure the effect one minute of physical activity would have on a subject’s blood pressure. In this experiment, physical activity is defined as stair climbing at a moderate pace. For comparison purposes, standing blood pressure was measured before and after physical activity. One subject was used and three trials were completed and the initial blood pressures were as followed; 94/62 mmHg, 106/74 mmHg, and 102/66 mmHg.

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Heart rate is defined as the number of contractions the heart carries out in one minute. Blood pressure has two measurements: systolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac systole, and diastolic blood pressure, or the pressure exerted on the artery walls during cardiac diastole (American Heart Association, 2014). Blood pressure is measured with a sphygmomanometer in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg, whereas heart rate is measured using a variety of tools and is recorded in beats/minute.

When considering post-load equivalent to systolic stress, an interrelation and interdependence between preload and afterload are revealed.

With the information found with what a patient’s blood pressure is, it helps health care providers understand the state of the patient’s health. A patient’s blood pressure measures the amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls in the patient’s heart. Blood pressure is measured in two numbers: systolic and diastolic. Systolic, the number listed first in blood pressure readings, reports the amount of force exerted by the blood into the arteries during ventricular contraction.

Every beat you feel you heart make is one complete cycle of blood entering the heart and exiting the heart. The heart cycle breaks down into two main contractions. Atrial contraction of the heart forces blood from the vena cava and the pulmonary veins through the atrioventricular valves and into the left and right ventricles. During ventricular contraction the tricuspid and mitral valves close and the blood is forced out of the ventricles through the semilunar valves into the aortic and pulmonic arteries. The pulmonic arteries supply blood to the lungs for oxygenation while the aortic arteries circulate the already oxygenated blood from the lungs, to the rest of the body. Diastole is the period of relaxation when the blood fills the ventricles. Systole is the period of contraction that forces the blood out of the ventricles.

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My systolic blood pressure number was 136 and my diastolic blood pressure number was 87. I measured my mom’s blood pressure and her systolic number was 125 and her diastolic number was 85. When ones heart beats in contracts and forces blood through their arteries throughout the whole body. The force required to do this induces pressure on the arteries also known as systolic blood pressure. For ones systolic blood pressure level to be considered optimal it would have to less than 120, to be normal it would have to be less than 130 and to be considered in the high normal range the number would have to fall between 130-139. If ones systolic blood pressure level falls between 140-159 they are in hypertension stage 1, if it falls between 160-179

The cardiac cycle describes the coordinated and rhythmic series of muscular contractions associated with the normal heart beat.

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