Determining Brain Observation

A fresh human brain does not resemble the stereotypical fixated human brain typically seen in textbooks or diagrams. Instead, a fresh human brain is rich in vasculature, extending across the entire surface of the brain. The brain, in a sense, is greedy, requiring twenty percent of the oxygen coming from the lungs and twenty percent of the blood pumped by the heart. Recently, the brain’s greediness has led to advances in medical brain imaging technology. The PET scan maps the amount blood flow through specific areas of the brain, allowing researchers to localize particular functions to precise areas of the brain. In the TED talk, Dr. Allen explains the function of the cerebellum, temporal cortex, and frontal lobe – areas of the brain whose functions were determined using PET scan.

Imagine a football player is tackled and hits the back of his head. As a result, his brain has hit the back of the cranium, then the front.

Due to this, it has been deemed difficult to determine which deficit is the consequence of which part of a lesion. To overcome this problem, other methods are being used to aid in the visualisation of memory processes in the healthy parts of the brain. These come in the form of functional neuroimaging studies using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). These studies have allowed researchers to target specific memory processes using targeted psychological experiments. However, with all psychological experiments, there are limitations to using neuroimaging equipment. PET and fMRI attain their signals from local changes in blood flow or metabolism correlated with neural activity rather than from brain waves (or signals). The local vascular changes affect the distribution of an injected radionuclide (e.g. O15) in PET or magnetic properties that are blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) in fMRI. The indirect measure of neural activity limits the temporal and spatial fidelity of activations.

When it comes to the topic of having a growth mindset, most of us will readily agree that students who are praised are motivated to learn. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of how they are praised. Whereas some are convinced that praising students for their intelligence will motivate them to learn, others maintain that encouraging them for their efforts has a better impact on their motivation.

While on patrol, I was parked in the entrance to Mansard's plaza, facing E Ridge Rd, monitoring traffic. A female in a silver pickup truck pulled into the lot and flagged me down. The female pointed towards a white and maroon Corvette traveling east on Ridge Rd and stated that she believes the driver may be intoxicated. I immediately pulled onto Ridge Rd and got behind the Corvette. As I was following the Corvette east on Ridge, another vehicle with a male driver pulled up to the side of me and shouted out the window, "That guy is drunk". I then observed the Corvette to weave from the outside lane to the center lane, without signaling. The vehicle then abruptly swerved back into the outside lane, without signaling. The vehicle then came to

Different maps are taken of the brain in order to determine if there are any problems with the brain. An electroencephalogram (EEG) is used an amplified read out of the brain waves. A magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI) gives a detailed picture of the brain’s soft tissues. It also shows the structure of the brain. A function magnetic resonance imaging scan or function MRI (fMRI) shows the function of parts of the brain as well as the brain’s structure. It also has the ability to show when a person is lying. Scientists also use a neuroimaging technique called a positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) to view the brain. (Barron’s AP Psychology 6th Edition) The PET scan shows each brain area’s consumption of chemical fuel which is glucose. There is a scale for the PET scan to determine activity in the brain when performing a certain action. The colors range from purple to red, purple represents no activity while red represents very high activity. The PET scan can

In the article brain on fiction, A very interesting article by Annie Murphy Paul appeared in the New York Times yesterday. It was titled “Your Brain on Fiction” and deals with how the written word affects our brains. In the article, she talks about several studies done with functional MRIs (fMRI). A functional MRI looks at brain activation by revealing changes in blood flow. If a certain area of the brain is stimulated, then that area will receive increased blood flow and this can be measured with a functional MRI. Such testing is currently being looked at to perhaps develop a more reliable lie detector. It appears that different parts of the brain activate when someone is remembering an event as opposed to making it up. Hopefully, this technique

After listening to the podcast of Hidden Brain podcast, “The Edge of Gender: Nature, Nurture, And Our Evolving Debates About Gender” (October 9, 2017) I realized that biologically we are different because of our chromosomes and genes but even thought that makes us biologically different there shouldn’t be issues on whom we decide to be. A quote from Hidden Brain states, “girls are exposed to unusually high levels of testosterone in the womb. And what we see when they are born is, they will gravitate towards male-typical toys, and this is even if their parents give them more praise for playing with female-typical toys” To true this is a key point biologically, but that doesn’t mean that it’s all-true because as we grow up we are influenced from

fMRI scans were performed by using a complex machine with massive specifications, named 4-T whole-body Varian/ Siemens imaging system. Before they start their imaging, the patient’s heart rate was monitored with a fiber-optic pulse oximeter and placed on their head was a radio frequency coil to capture a map of their brain. Each patient is then instructed to lie calmly, breathe through their nose, and allow themselves to focus on the script that the instructors were about to read. Each script would usually last them about 30 seconds. After the script is read, they are encouraged to recall a memory for about 60 seconds and once they start, so does their measurements of their heartbeats. The script is then repeated again after 120 seconds. This method is repeated 3 times.

The researchers use fMRI to examined the brain activity of FFA, they showed the variety of images that have a different context.

Title: Evaluate experimental and brain-imaging techniques and consider what they tell us about the brain and cognitive behaviour in typical and atypical individuals.

2. Functional brain mapping (scanning a person's brain while he or she is performing a certain physical task such as squeezing a ball, or looking at a particular type of picture) is helping researchers better understand how the brain works.

After the games were completed, the subjects were placed into a functional magnetic resonance imaging device, or fMRI, which scans brain activity by measuring the blood flow in different regions of the brain. The two confederates were placed on either side of the subject so that he or she could see their

The video starts off talking about the deepness of emotions we experience while listening to music. Our emotions range from happiness to sad to anger depending on the song’s lyrics, beat, tone and the purpose we are listening. Are we listening to this particular song because we are feeling sad or listening to a song because we are filled rage? Regardless our intention I learned that music interacts with our brain. Lovington mentions that there is an interaction between music and our brain which is he put decided to put music under the microscope to see exactly what happens to our brains/bodies will listening to music and making it. The video mentions we begin hearing sounds when we were fetuses at just 17-19 weeks. Fetuses hearing sounds for the first time in the womb can be seeing on ultrasounds smiling and moving along to the sounds which are extremely fascinating.

There were three general approaches to mapping brain functions. With extirpation, parts of the brain are systematically destroyed to observe the subsequent behavior (Marshall Hall and Pierre Fourens). In the clinical method, the researcher looks at the brains of people after they died who exhibited odd behavior in life (Paul Broca). Finally, electrical stimulation of the brain and body was used to observe the muscle twitches (Fritsch and Hitzig).