Developed Immune System: A Case Study

With the close proximity infection range TB is known for completes the remainder of the epidemiologic triangle. Overcrowded environments are the coal to the fire of this transmittable disease with outbreaks capable of occurring, infection hundreds. Common symptoms of this active form of tuberculosis include: weight loss, coughing, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chills, and loss of appetite (MayoClinic, 2014). The Mayo Clinic also states that it is believed that 2 billion (one third) of the world population is living with Latent TB (2014). This emphasizes the need for public health and community involvement in order to completely abolish this disease from our planet.

The immune system plays a vital role in helping the body to fight diseases, as well as pathogens, the disease-causing factors. It is mainly composed of the tonsils and adenoids, the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels, the spleen, appendix, and bone marrow. The main purpose of the immune system is to assist the body in its struggle to maintain optimal health.

Patient 1 : A 3-week-old baby is brought into the urgent care clinic with a fever of 101.4 degrees F. Without hesitating or assessing the infant, the physician orders a complete blood count (CBC), a urinalysis, blood cultures, and a lumbar puncture.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Tuberculosis (TB), which is brought on by contamination with an individual from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is a noteworthy reason for incapacity and passing in numerous parts of the world. The frequency (recently reported cases) of tuberculosis in Louisiana is near the normal occurrence in the United States. . In 2013, Louisiana: Ranked eleventh among the 50 states in TB rates (3 for each 100,000 people) and 22.3% of TB cases were foreign-born people (CDC, 2015). As in the U.S., frequency has diminished

It states that the These age groups suffer from tuberculosis due to “difficulties in diagnosis”. http://www.tbfacts.org/. This therefore means that children who are aged <15 years are unable to get their tuberculosis treated so therefore, they are highly likely to suffer from this disease. http://www.tbfacts.org/. Research through this website also states that children who receive drug resistant TB does not prevent their disease. http://www.tbfacts.org/. Instead, it leads to “more than 30,000 children to become sick every year with strains of multidrug-resistant”. http://www.tbfacts.org/.

Findings of tuberculosis in the homeless population are no surprise, as this specific population has a high incidence of conditions that increase the risk of TB, including: substance abuse, HIV infection, and congregation in crowded shelters. With these risk factors that are present amongst this vulnerable community, the spread of TB increases prominently.

Among many misconceptions, tuberculosis is not a disease of the past. Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. It is estimated that one-third of the total world population is infected by tuberculosis (TB). The American lung association (2013) states, in 2011 alone there were nearly 9,000,000 new diagnosed cases of tuberculosis around the world and an estimated 1.4 million deaths because of this disease. In the United States, TB is not as common (but still a problem). In 2011, only 10,500 people reported having TB (Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity and

Hi my name is Tyree Coleman and today I will inform you about a world known disease called Tuberculosis but most commonly known as TB. Tuberculosis is a infectious disease that mainly affects your lungs. Like many other diseases Tuberculosis is airborne is very easy to contract. This disease was first discovered in March 24, 1882 by a German physician and scientist named Robert Koch. Koch simply found traces of mycobacterium tuberculosis in cows, which is the bacterium that causes Tuberculosis. Many people are at risk of getting TB but may not even know it because of how quickly the disease can spread and not knowing enough information about it or not getting tested. The most common way you can get Tuberculosis is by being in constant

The Primary goal of the study was to examine the distribution of DM among TB patients and explore the risk of Drug resistant TB in Diabetics who are also infected with TB in Florida, USA. The Florida department of health TB control program aims to eliminate TB in the state through TB care initiative, A Florida system of Tuberculosis care formed by partnership between the Florida Department pf Health (FDOH) and the public health system statewide to ensure availability of effective TB management program, an aim in line with the global plan to stop TB 2016-2020 adopted by WHO has a post 2015 strategy to eliminate TB as a global epidemic by 2035.

Amy, great presentation on TB. The presentation seemed to be very through and cover information about TB well. I appreciate this information. I used to float at the clinic that I work at and it was always intimidating when and individual would be coming into infectious disease for TB. I was not aware of the correlation between TB and AIDs, but it makes since. Many of the risk factors that you have listed did seem to be present with many of the patients that we saw for TB. Other groups that seem to have a high rate of TB are homeless people, immunocompromised individuals, and injection drug users. I was familiar with TB being more prevalent in immunocompromised individuals in general because when we gave routine immunocompromising medications a TB test had to be completed yearly. This is because Illinois and our county are at high risk.

Developing tuberculosis disease involves two distinct transitions- first, from being exposed to being infected and second, from being infected to developing the disease.

* Poverty -TB and poverty are closely related. Malnutrition, overcrowding, poor ventilation and sanitation factors associated with poverty increase both the risk of infection and probability of developing clinical disease. Poverty and TB form a vicious cycle. TB decreases a person’s work capacity and adds burden of

TB is caused by a bacterial infection known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. If a patient is sick with TB is considered a disease. The infection is prevalent in the HIV population because approximately 13 million Americans are effected by the TB bacteria. It typically involves the lungs but can also affect the brain and other organ systems. The TB germ is airborne and can live in the air for several hours. Once an affected person coughs or sneezes another person breathes in the germ and becomes infected. A patient with TB and HIV/AIDS will have to take an antibiotics long term to battle the infection. They will have to go through two phases of medication. The initial phase consists of utilizing drugs such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, rifamycin, and ethambutol for the first couple of months. Then the patient will enter into the continuation phase, during this phase the patient will take the isoniazid and rifamycin for approximately four months. HIV patient’s that are taking antiretroviral for the HIV will have to take the antibiotics longer. A person taking treatment for TB has to be careful because the antibiotic can cause liver damage. According to the CDC, roughly 6% of all TB cases are from patients with HIV or AIDS. In 1992 the United States had a dramatic increase in TB cases but has decreased ever since. Recently a group of researchers at John Hopkins

The risk factors for contracting the disease vary according to age, health conditions, or location. The elderly people and infants are likely to get TB mainly because their immune systems are weak. As an individual grows old, the immune system weakens and this can increase chances of being