Development Administration

development have been political, social and cultural. President Museveni of Uganda likened the advent of

The reader must understand that development is not easily defined within comparative politics. The concept of development is complex and can not be explained as simply as black and white. “For example would you say an oil-rich country such as Saudi Arabia is experiencing development if its economy is growing rapidly but nearly all of the benefits of the growth are going to a small number of elite? Would you say that a country is developing if people are

The Post-Colonial lens analyzes the effects of colonialism, so readers can better understand the challenges Antiguans face as a consequence of colonial times. Antigua is full of the ancestors of slaves, so the people living in Antigua post-emancipation did not receive the opportunity to develop their own

And as peoples trust in the State to fulfil its tasks dwindles, so does the States power to provide those services (ibid.). But from a development perspective things are a bit different. Most problems in delivering services to citizens are financial in nature (Greve, 2012), but where a lack of funds might stop State-led development, it is not detrimental to the State as an agent of it. For what is perceived ‘’good development practice’’ there is always international funding (for example McGrath, 2015, Worldbank.org, 2015, Undp.org, 2015). This paper does not go into the debate of is ‘’good development practice ‘’ good or not- it takes internationally sponsored and promoted development practice as implicitly good. And for the sake of argumentation on- is the State a good or bad agent of development- it does not matter what kind of development it promotes. So this good development is taken as the one we want our states to be agents to. And the State relying on foreign sources of funding development practice when it lacks state funds for development might be positive. To clarify, a state that runs a budget deficit does not have the monetary power to start development policy. This allows for the internationally funded and tried-out development practice to become the only development practice a state can enforce (finance), because it can fund it from external sources such as donations,

New Public Management has emerged as a reaction to the exiting bureaucratic model in public administration in the twentieth century. (Matei L 2006,p. 143)

These features of having third parties providing services and the government cutting out responsibilities, but maintaining inherently governmental functions have altered from the traditional conception of government administration. These differences include the government maintaining inherent, core functions. Today, the core functions are debated and have not been explicitly stated or maintained. Furthermore, traditional government administration contracting was based on a good ol’ boys’ system – who you know, more than professional and well-developed pre-soliciting and soliciting stages. However, the traditional administration when dealing with

Social, political and economic development have been and continue to be some of the greatest challenges for low income and least-developed states within the international community. “Development” can be explained in a variety of ways, including economic growth and purchasing power parity, but one of the best ways to illustrate development is described by Amartya Sen as the capability or opportunity to develop.

There is a need to enhance coordination and productivity within the civil service. This means strengthening offices charged with overseeing the whole of the civil service to ensure that costs are reduced and that the civil service can react intelligently, policy-wise, to adverse economic conditions and to tackle the major problems confronting the civil service. These include severe resource shortages, redundant staffing, operations and organizational structures. Unfortunately, several attempts to tackle these at the insistence of foreign donor agencies has not succeeded (Dia 1993:7). What seems clearly needed is a strongly motivated civil service which can act as counterpoise to the executive while the other branches of government develops their capacity for independent action. Rather than make the civil service demoralized and politicised, every effort should be made to prune and redeploy civil service personnel, improve the civil service can function in its traditional roles of providing policy guidance. To do this the civil service must possess the capacity for self reflection, research and collaborating with units outside the civil service (e.g universities, NGOs, private sector) to work out possible options for African governments as we approach the year 2000 A.D. The strategic importance of bureaucratic power in the development of Japan and the Asian 'tigers' would seem to be of more compelling interest to African countries from this

The word “Public policy” has never been agreeable to any specific definitions. Consequently, many scholars have used their own definitions to describe the analytical frameworks of public policy. Hence, the contemporary nature of development trends has led to the diversity of contestations about the concept of political discourse, thinking and practical application. According to Torado (1985:85), development is defined as a multi-dimensional process involving major changes in social structures, popular attitudes and national institutions as well as the acceleration of economic growth, the reduction of inequality and the eradication of absolute poverty. Development, in its essence, must represent the whole gamut of change by which an entire social system is tuned to the diverse basic needs and desires of individuals and social groups within that system moves away from a condition of life widely perceived as unsatisfactory and toward a situation or condition of life regarded as materially and spiritually 'better'”.

The principles, theories and arguments surrounding Representative Bureaucracy has changed dramatically with time. With specific regard to the Public Sector as an Organisation in the Caribbean Region, the views of the theorists, their counterparts and the views of the rivals of Representative Bureaucracy have also evolved. As the Governments throughout the region, in these present times; attempt to adopt appropriate measures and approaches that would enable them to effectively manage the Public Sector as an organisation, the discussions and arguments surrounding topic continue to be of great concern.

Development is defined as “the process of change operating over time- the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer’’. The modern 20th century defines development as” the process of change which allows all the basic needs of a region to be met, thereby achieving greater social justice and quality of life and encouraging people to fulfill their potential’’. Todaro defines development as “the process of improving the quality of all human lives through raising people’s living standards, their incomes, consumption levels of food, medical services, education, raising people’s self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions that promote dignity and respect and increasing people’s

The authority gradually identifying with planners, treated disasters and resistance faced by the development as if they were the result of faulty theories or incorrect implementation. It faces the same way the incidents that follow, thus creating an endless cascade of problems, technical or otherwise, that broaden the skills and ignorance that generates development, and the powers and powerlessness that it makes possible (Baylis et al: 2013).

In this context and in line with the material studied in the course, I will argue that development projects face three types of problems: operational, cognitive and power. To enhance project effectiveness, these call for different complementary solutions: more flexibility in implementation and feedback systems (Maclay, 2015); a balance between participation and top-down authority with increased accountability (Brett, 2003); and the empowerment of the local considering the political context (Andrews et al., 2013; Mohan and Stokke, 2000).

The word ‘development’ has been an issue of great discussion in the media both in developing countries both in Africa and the world at large. The leaders of LDCs have for years been trying to change their countries for the better so as to bring them up to par with the developed countries of the world but can most developing countries can show, much of this effort has proved to be in vain as these countries are still struggling. These countries are in what is termed as the crisis of development which can be seen to be a result of two sets of factors; Internal and external factors. This paper is clearly going to identify and critically discuss both sets of factors of the crisis of development. Once this is done, the essay will move on to

Nevertheless, it appears that the highly decentralized governmental structures implicit in devolution are in sharp conflict with the centralist administrative structures that characterize successful developmental states. In Ethiopia, this was observed by Meheret Ayenew (2014) in his study on ‘Growth and Transformation Plan: Opportunities, Challenges and Lessons’ particularly while referring to the positive lessons from the preparation of national development plans, he reported that the positive traditions that were