Development And Proliferation Of The European Union

Until it crystallized into a political concept and became the long-term goal of the Member States of the European Community, the European idea was unknown to all but philosophers and visionaries. The notion of a United States of Europe was part of a humanistic-pacifistic dream which was shattered by the conflicts which brought so much destruction to the European continent in the first half of this century. The vision of a new Europe which would transcend national antagonism finally emerged from the resistance movements which had sprung up to resist totalitarianism during the Second World War. Altiero Spinelli, the Italian federalist and Jean Monnet, the man who

The roots of the European Union can be traced back to the early 1950’s when a small number of countries made a decision to join together as a way to resolve any potential conflict nurture economic growth and common values across the continent. There was a desire to promote common values and membership was opened to all European countries. Since the inception the number of members has grown from a founding six countries to what we now know as the modern day EU with a current total of 28 countries with a further 8 countries under application review. In 1992, what was then a group of twelve countries, joined together to form the Customs Community Code which was eventually introduced in January 1993. The code effectively merged the individual customs regulations in to a single customs union.

It is undeniable that the news of Britain voted to leave European Union has shook the world greatly. The UK’s withdrawal or widely known as Brexit would definitely have an impact on the world economy, particularly to the businesses in UK which is claimed to be the main concern after all. Over 99% of the businesses are Small or Medium Sized businesses (SME’s) which is equivalent to 5.4 million businesses in total (House of Commons Library, 2016). Of course, these businesses will be affected, both directly and indirectly. This essay will discuss mainly on the opportunities and risks that these businesses will face as a result of Brexit.

Throughout this analysis I will be breaking down the evidence to support my theory of EU membership satisfactions varying across Central/Eastern and Western Europe as the EU expands. I will begin by acknowledging that divide in Europe is not a new concept. In fact, European nations have been divided geographically, socially, economically, and culturally for centuries. In 2003 Hungarian scholar Elemer Hankiss acknowledged the difficulties that face divided Europe and provides insight on the historical divide in the following excerpt. “The candidate countries in East Central Europe—as well as the Balkans—need to reinvent themselves. They have to find something in which they can excel, they have to find their place in

The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 has been termed as the largest single expansion of the EU with a total of 12 new member states – bringing the number of members to 27 – and more than 77 million citizens joining the Commission (Murphy 2006, Neueder 2003, Ross 2011). A majority of the new member states in this enlargement are from the eastern part of the continent and were countries that had just emerged from communist economies (EC 2009, Ross 2011), although overall, the enlargement also saw new member states from very different economic, social and political compared to that of the old member states (EC 2009, Ross 2011). This enlargement was also a historical significance in European history, for it saw the

EU enlargement is the most ambitious project that is often presented as the historic mission of reunification of the European continent (Kok, 2003). Since the foundation of European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, its membership has grown from 6 to 28 countries that together cover much of the continent, with the aim to bring prosperity, peace and freedom among the union members . On 1 January 2014, the population of the EU28 was estimated at 507.4 million, which accounts for over 7% of the world’s population (World Population Status, 2014). The European Union has long view the enlargement process as an extraordinary chance of promoting political stability and economic prosperity within the region (Archick, 2014). Past enlargement has brought several benefits to the region, such as transforming EU into a more influential global actor with more economic and political power, spread prosperity throughout the region though expanding the single market, enhance the regional securities and etc.(Politics UK, 2011). However, the past enlargement has also brought challenges to the EU both internally and externally; such as weaken its legitimacy, Central and Eastern Europeans migrating to older member states and direct linkage with new neighbors. Thus this assignment would evaluate the impact of past enlargement on the European Union by mainly focusing on the challenges rather than opportunities; as analyzing challenges from the past enlargement could possibly

The European Union (EU), which began through the integration of six member states in 1951, welcomed its latest member, Croatia, in 2013, effectively bringing its total to twenty-eight members (Verdun, July 23, 2015). The first EU enlargement occurred in 1973, when the UK, Ireland, and Denmark joined the union. Since then, four major enlargements have taken place, despite the long-existent controversies regarding the possible value or downfalls of the expansion of the union. With over twenty more countries within the continent as possible candidates, especially as many express interest of joining, it is highly possible that efforts for further enlargement may be made in the future. The question, however, is whether EU

Globalization brings countries together, but there also needs to be security when this is occurring. The United States is world power in globalization, but there still needs to be autonomy and capacity in order keep its inhabitants safe and to avoid domestic resistance and political opposition. The concepts of globalization are not new, novel, irreversible, interdependent nor irresistible. As countries seek ways to interact and do business with one another in the best of interests of one another, there also becomes new areas of conflict, axes of strife, expressions of violence and even increases the likelihood of war (Kirshner, 2008).

European Union is the largest and most powerful economic alliance in the world. The European Union has succeeded to considerably expand its influence in the past 20 years. The three models of enlargement and the strengthening of the actual EU’s economic along with political presence throughout its neighborhood are among the most remarkable successes of its post-Cold War history. The European Union is probably the key facilitators of stability within the Western Balkans; it represents a good institutional and normative spine for Eastern Neighborhood countries and acts to be a partner for a new thriving economic partnership with most of the Mediterranean states. In the past

Throughout the development of the European Union, many political thinkers tried to give their interpretation of EU, to theorize its essence to give a clear picture and show the path that EU is most likely to take in future. Those have organized themselves in several schools of thought, out of which there are two dominant ones- intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism. The former was first mentioned by Stanley Hoffmann- professor of Harvard University and then picked up by others.

In this article Hass intends to explains the European integration and relate them to a broader subject of universal integration. 3. The author uses information derived from studying the European integration story and various other unions in different regions. 4. In this article, the idea is to study the European integration and to understand what are the precursors that lead to such a unionization and if it can be formulated in other regions in order to create a more organized system of governance. It also provides an analysis of why the lessons learnt from the European Union is not possible to be implemented in other regions as the issues differ by region. 5. This article is very important to my research as it studies the background

The world is becoming a tighter community through high-tech developments around the world. With technology becoming so advanced international travel becoming more common. Making communication and collaboration with other countries around the world easier and now a common occurrence. Some world leaders envision a global community that would lead to a one-world-order to include government and commerce. Globalization has been on the rise but is not shared and accepted by all. Nationalism continues to play a significant part in international interactions. With Europe’s goal of

In today’s world of scarce resources energy efficiency and renewable energy become increasingly important. It is also well-known that the climate-change as a result of high CO2-emissions, among others, can only be stopped or at least slowed down by reducing these emissions. The general global trend therefore should move towards an increasing use of renewable energies while gradually stopping dependence on non-renewable energies, such as coal or oil. Despite trade-offs in terms of a possible rise in energy prices and impacts on security of energy supply, most developed countries have recognized the general need of a change. (Röpke, 2013)

In the last decade, Western Europe has rapidly transformed into a hub for immigration. Whether this is in relation to the Roma, or more recently Middle Eastern, African and South Asian refugees, Western Europe has been forced to adopt policies surrounding human rights, migration and asylum to manage this demand. At the same time as the European Union (EU) experienced a great influx of immigration into its territory, it has been working towards developing closer ties between member states and the people of Europe. The migration crisis has created a tension, however, between the member states. Where there needs to be a predisposition toward integration this has migrated to one of disintegration. With border crossings heavily regulated and

Through a long period of European colonization and postwar reliance on collective security, English has supplanted the traditional language of diplomacy and trade. The invention of new modes of communication created a dependence on technology and intensified the need to emphasize a common language. English has prestige and internationalized for one reason - the American became the dominant force in our world(Crystal, 2012). Since media plays both a leading and crucial role these days, English is also useful to the mass media. A common language makes it faster and easier to disseminate political ideas and commercial messages. It’s far easier to sell television programs and movies around the world when English has penetrated those foreign cultures. Radio news and popular music broadcast even to the poor in the third world ( Crystal, 2012). Furthermore, English is always so prominent and with the slickest forms of advertisement and often the most compelling (Crystal, 2012). Education being a pivotal consideration, has provided English a platform in gaining more prestige since many institutions choose English as the language of instruction. For example, in Bangladesh, the teaching of English is introduced in elementary school and the potential power of English has created a barrier for people trying to associate with traditional languages (Hamid and Honan, 2012).