Development Of Smart Cities Development

This paper gives a clear understanding on the current state of art on the IoT. The primary idea of the IoT concept is the pervasive existence around us of a wide range of things such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, actuators, sensors, mobile phones, etc. These are able to communicate with each other and collaborate with their neighbors to reach collective goals through distinctive addressing scheme.

In their paper, the writers stated that a city is smart when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern (ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality life, with a wise of management of natural resources, through participatory governance. While people think that the most important is technological infrastructure, the most important infrastructure in a smart city is the social infrastructure, which revolves around the citizens and their relationships. A smart city is a humane city that has multiple opportunities to exploit its human potential and lead a

This documentary is abut the concept of “Smart City” a current issue but however unknown to many people.

To prevent these kinds of issues, most cities need to focus on effective planning and innovative practices. This will create more stable economic growth and ensure that every part of the city receives the same kind of services. To achieve these objectives requires examining the various components and players involved in the process. Together, these elements will offer the greatest insights as to how cities should strategize and

When Dubuque officials refer to the term a “smarter city”, they are meaning a city that is effectively managing its resources. A city who is taking part in the cloud computing project and using the Internet of Things to ensure that they are only using what is necessary. Collecting and analyzing usage data about gas emission, electricity, water, and energy. A smarter city distributes sensors across the city, including but not limited to homes, school and public utilities. Using this data to create useful reports which can be used in decision-making for the city to improve the quality of life in the area.

In present-day America, historic preservation is not just for the historic home, but rather a component of “smart growth;” which utilizes space in cities where buildings have already been established. With businesses closing, cities feel the crippling effects on its economy and with that consideration in mind; cities can reinvent themselves with the abandoned spaces for city growth through adaptive reuse. To find out just how beneficial using the abandoned buildings, further research needs to be conducted on the movements associated with historic preservation using adaptive reuse. These elements will help provide evidence or lack thereof that historic preservation is actually a form of “smart growth.” Based on the observations from the historic districts in cities like Charleston, South Carolina, I believe historic preservation is a form of “smart growth” due to the adaptive reuse of current buildings (i.e. Warehouse becomes lofts and businesses).

A sustainable city is when harmony is reached between the environment, economy and society. Environmentally, sustainable cities are ecologically friendly by using alternative sources of energy such as solar or wind power. Economically, governments should share a similar decision-making process with institutions and with the public by having a common belief in what should be done by improving sustainability. Sorensen, Marcotullio, and Grant (2004), find that a good decision making process consists of planning and control at the municipal and national political levels which would allow local level functions to become reinforced. Socially, sustainable cities are classless, meaning that there are no social divisions which serve as limits; leading to a more equal society. One of the many ideas would be using mixed housing to remove the class divisions between people. Also, city streets would be walkable, with businesses and services located at close proximity to promote a healthier lifestyle and serve as an alternative to using cars for transportation. The writers differ in their analysis when examining the approaches to improving sustainability in cities. This section will analyze four important ideas on how cities can become more sustainable.

In this essay, our primary discussion in this part will be around some specific examples on how urban data is being captured, from examples of 311 calls to interactive street displays like LinkNYC, how the newly collected data is shaping the urban planning process and aiming to solve wicked problems, and more detailed case analysis on LinkNYC, including the a proposed optimized outcome of deploying this new data collecting technology.

The sudden growth in IT investment is linked with the growth of IOT and therefore naturally an era of increased investment comes with increased business opportunities. The following section describes some of the applications of the internet of things and the opportunities in which they will bring.

The use of IoT has already impacted the way cities operate. The term smart cities, is used to describe a city that possesses an IoT oriented infrastructure. “In a smart city, the digital technologies translate into better public services for inhabitants and better use of resources while reducing environmental impacts”. [3] For a smart city to be feasible, IoT must provide intelligence, interconnection, and instrumentation. Wi-Fi-enabled smart devices and low-cost sensors are components of the smart city and allow devices a way to communicate with the public via the internet. These devices collect real-time data, which not only improves the lives of residents, but transforms several sectors of public service as well. Transportation has been revolutionized by smart traffic management systems which gather data from an array of magnetic road sensors and hundreds of cameras. The result is less delay at major stop lights and increased travel speeds, because enabled drivers can see which lights are busy and monitor these areas for other vehicles and pedestrians. To lower traffic and driver search times for parking spots, parking sensors that detect parking-spaces for drivers are installed in major cities. Street lights use a method of energy saving known as adaptive lighting which enables them to determine their brightness setting, appropriate for a given situation. The smart city solution to conserving energy is through smart girds. A smart grid serves several energy management

The Internet of Things is a complex, innovative system rooted in the idea of connectivity. Individual artifacts that transmit data and information amongst each other ensure a smooth and coherent experience based off their ability to communicate through internet connection, sharing the same network to create incomparable efficiency and convenience. The Internet of Things is constantly developing to work in new areas and scenarios, further securing its essentiality in the domain of the technological future

Fog computing, also referred to as fog networking, is a mechanism or architecture that uses a wide range of end user clients and systems to create a large amount of storage. It can be perceived in both cloud computing as well as other related data storage architectures. With an increase in the internet of things, a wide range of sensors are being deployed into devices. This has led to the generation of a large amount of information. For the purpose of managing and storing this data, fog computing is now being used. Cloud computing had seen its emergence in the past few years.

The Internet of Things is a vision of a global network that connects various physical world objects to the IT infrastructure. This vision has been inspired by the success made in emerging technologies such as Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID), wireless sensor networks, and mobile communication. The realisation of such a global object network will allow seamless interaction and cooperation between the real and logical world.

Abstract: This paper represents a novel idea on how Fog computing can be used to manage the immense data generated in smart city. Fog computing can also be called as edge computing, is a distributed computing infrastructure in nature, for smart devices like mobile phones the application services should be maintained near the end user side but the services are handled at remote data server i.e. in cloud. Our aim is to reduce the amount of storage required, the time required in data processing and data analysis and the propagation time in cloud computing. Thus by handling data at network edge latency can be reduced and efficiency can be improved. In smart city where the predicted data generation seems to be high enough can be stored at network edge giving better performance in city by reducing latency.

The concept of the internet of things abbreviated as IoT was introduced as early as the late 90’s by Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs and a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now, “the Internet of things is already a disruptive technology capable of determining fundamental changes that are happening in everyday life, and it is considered the fourth industrial revolution.” (Hucanu) The Internet of Things (IoT)