Development Of The Sports Broadcasting

the country is because the NFL was able to market the sport as an entertainment business.

For the past years the media has had a big effect on society. Many people rely on the media for news or sports coverage but they don’t realize that the media may influence people’s beliefs or way of behaving. The media covers sports in order to provide information to the fans but they also can create fake news to spark controversy in sports. The world of sports is largely affected by the media as they are a big topic to talk about throughout all kinds of media. Although the media can provide information of sports to fans, it can also create positive and negative conditions for the athletes. The media’s portrayal of sports creates rivalries between teams and players which increases competitiveness, damages professional relationships, and

The National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States and to most; it is considered the top professional football league in the world. In order to become a monopoly, you have to take control of the market you’re in. The NFL was created in the early 1900’s. In 1920 the APFL was created when representatives from many leagues and teams came together. The APFA originally had 11 teams when they merged with NFL they currently have 32 teams (Tuchner, 2012). The National Football League is now the most attended domestic sports league in the world. Since completion to the NFL is at a minimum some substitutes are two similar monopolies, the NBA and MLB. But the NFL still is the most powerful out of all of them. (The NFL, 2013)

Over the past little while I have researched and learned quite a bit about the NFL and fan to fan, I'd like to share with you my findings. First off, I would like to introduce myself. My name is Robbie Wolanski, proud fan of the Green Bay Packers, and avid football fan. I'm sure that when most of you think about the NFL you think about watching your team on Sunday, big hits, and Tom Brady. Let me give you something else to think about. Is the NFL a perfect corporation? Do they have any issues? Today I will be answering this and going into detail about the NFL.

Sports of old were merely competitive activities rooted in heroism and romanticism. Sports activities today, however, have no such innocence or simplicity. Currently in America, the activities that make up our sports culture is not only the competitive events themselves but the processes and issues that underlie and surround them. Entwined in our sports culture is the giant business of mass broadcasting. Indeed, sports and the media go hand in hand like peanut butter and jelly, like Mickey and Minnie, Darth Vader and Luke. They are intertwined and depend on each other to continue to grow. Sports media includes television, radio, magazines, newspapers, books, films, and, now, most importantly, social media devices provided by the

The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) was founded on March 31, 1906. It was founded by Theodore Roosevelt. Its headquarters are in Indianapolis, Indiana (www.wikipedia.org). The mission of the NCAA is to “be an integral part of higher education and to focus on the development of our student-athletes” (ncaa.org). The first inter-collegiate sports began in 1852 when

While growing up in the state of Texas I was introduced to National Football League (NFL) at a very young age. Not only was I obsessed with great players like Emmitt Smith and Michael Irving, I had a more finical appreciation for the lucrativeness associated with the NFL. My young adulthood as well as my teenage years was spent playing and learning football with the aspirations of hopefully making it to the NFL. Unfortunately, my playing days ended with tryouts at Texas Tech University, but my love for the game has remained stagnant over the years even till this day. The NFL today is Americas most watched sports league and has taken the crown as the most lucrative and unique economic force in sports. Forbes offered approximations stating that on average, the NFL generates more than $6-9 billion a year in revenues alone. A third of the individual franchises in the league were appraised at over more than $1 billion while the other franchises average nine figures or higher. The NFL as an organization generates its revenues through a multitude of ways ranging from huge television contracts, in-stadium ticket sales, advertising ads paid for by sponsors and merchandise. Their business model unlike most other leagues, is centered on a hard salary cap on player contracts which provides cost certainty with its sponsors. In this paper, I will examine the economic and historical narrative associated with the growth of the NFL’s

The National Basketball Association, or NBA has grown up over the last few decades. Once on the verge of collapse, and unwanted by television, the NBA has rebounded to become quite possibly the most popular league in the nation. It was through television that the league finally established itself as a worthy opponent to Major League Baseball and the National Football League. The NBA got its first television exposure during the 1953-54 season on the long-since folded DuMont network. At that time, baseball was still the national pastime, and pro football was beginning to take the spotlight as the favorite sport. Even college basketball was

Sports went through many changes in the time period known as the roaring twenties. Sports, movies, and jazz became big in the recreational times of the 1920s. There are now over a million movie theaters, a ton of different sports leagues and teams, an uncountable number of golf courses and players, and plenty types of music. One finds this amazing how this all originated, in the Roaring Twenties.

“Arlin became the first person to announce a Major League Baseball game on August 5, 1921” (Folkart, 1986), and that was the first baseball game ever broadcasted on the radio. According to Folkart (1986), “Arlin also was believed to have been the first to broadcast a football game on Oct. 8, 1921.”

In 1961, Congress passed the Sports Broadcasting Act which allowed major professional sports to pool the broadcast rights of its member clubs to negotiate television broadcast agreements that normally would have violated federal antitrust laws. (21 Jeffery S. Moorad Sports Law Journal 577) This antitrust exemption enabled the NFL to protect its primary revenue source of live attendance by negotiating with the networks as to when and where games would be televised.

Baseball was called the “the national pastime” for the first time in December of 1856, years before the first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, even came into existence in the year 1869. Baseball continued to develop and gain popularity throughout the end of the 19th century. Baseball spread after the Civil War by prisoners of war and soldiers where it was encouraged by officers as a way to pass the time and it allowed soldiers to take their minds off the situation at hand. The soldiers went home and brought their new knowledge with them, spreading the newly popular game to their children. Thus, baseball found its roots and started to grow into its title of “national pastime”.

Tony Hawk's status as a cultural icon was solidified when he landed "the 900" during the 1999 X Games on ESPN2. ESPN would enter into the radio world with launch of ESPN Radio in January 1992, creating the new genre, sport talk radio, allowing sports fans to listen to debates about sports issues, and even call in to give their own input. Adding more networks to its already well-armed arsenal was part ESPN's plans. In 1994, ESPN International was created to broadcast sports such as rugby and cricket non-American markets across the world, which were more accustomed to these kinds of sports. The first true 24-hour sports news channel was started in 1996 with ESPNews. Legendary and Historical past sporting events, such as Ali vs. Frazier, would begin getting televised by ESPN Classic in 1997. ESPNU became an instant favorite with 24-hour broadcast of college sports.

By their very nature, sports leagues are cartels that exclude competition from other companies. You cannot start a baseball team and hope to play the Yankees unless you can get Major League Baseball (the cartel) to grant you a franchise. The antitrust laws prohibit cartels, but professional sports are the only private business in the United States that is largely exempt from those laws. Ever since a 1922 court decision (Federal Baseball Club of Baltimore v. National League et al.), baseball has been totally exempt. No other sport enjoys such a blanket exemption from antitrust, but all professional team sports have a labor exemption and, since the

Sports disputes fall into two general categories: external and internal. External sporting disputes are handled in a state Court system and generally include: "contract or tort; intellectual property; trade practices and competition; criminal law; taxation; broadcasting and media; and other statutory-based disputes" (Bellamy & Hayes, 2007, pp. 5-6). Internal sporting disputes are normally handled by sports tribunals and deal with