Development Theory And Jean Piaget's Culture Care Theory

“Health is influenced by culture and beliefs” (NRS-429V, 2011, p. 1). In order for the nurse to properly care for the patient, she must know and understand the patient’s culture. “Cultural care is a comprehensive model that includes the assessment of a client’s cultural needs, beliefs, and health care practices” (NRS-429V, 2011, p. 1). It is not enough to just know where the patient lives or where he came from. The nurse must embrace the concept of cultural competence and cultural awareness. This requires not only the awareness of the cultural beliefs and values of their patients, but also

Utilizing the culture care theory, nurses become knowledgeable of what constitutes health in understanding the meanings and symbols of the ways of culture. Care, caring knowledge, and actions are core components that will ensure the health or wellbeing of people in various cultures. Kaakinen et al (2015) asserts that clients may not be prone to nurse’s suggestions for health promotion because of cultural conflicts with the client’s belief and value systems.

Leininger (1988) defined nursing as a transcultural phenomenon requiring knowledge of different cultures to provide care that is congruent with the clients’ life ways, social structure, and environmental context. This definition from the founder of transcultural care would support applying a cultural sensitive nursing care in the clinical setting, and highly linked to her definition of transcultural nursing as a legitimate and formal area of study focused on culturally based care beliefs, values, and practices to help cultures or subcultures maintain or regain their health (wellbeing) and face disabilities or death in culturally congruent and beneficial caring ways (Leininger, 1970, 1978, 1995). Moreover Leininger summarized the process of applying transcultural care as providing care that fits with cultural beliefs and life ways. From a professional perspective, it refers to the use of emic (local cultural knowledge and life ways) in meaningful and tailored ways that fit with etic (largely professional outsiders’ knowledge), in other words care should be individualized according to patient’s culture to promote holistic and effective nursing care.

Cultural competence in nursing is imperative for effective patient care. A nurse must know his or her own values and beliefs as well as knowing about a patient cultural practices in relation to healthcare. Cultural competence is defined by some as: “the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions.” Also it is noted that an important change to this definition is “the recognition of the dynamic,

The term culture is defined as “the thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious, or social groups” (Potter & Perry, 2013). With the increase of culturally diverse populations in the United States, it is important for nurses to practice cultural competence. Cultural competence is the ability to acquire specific behaviors, skills, attitudes, and policies in a system that permits “effective work in a cross-cultural setting” (OMH, 2013). Being culturally competent is essential because nurses who acknowledges and respects a patient’s health beliefs and practices are more likely to have positive health outcomes (OMH, 2012). Every culture has certain views and attitudes concerning

In order to deliver nursing care to different cultures, nurses are expected to understand and provide culturally competent health care to diverse individuals. Culturally competent care is tailored to the specific needs of each client, while incorporating the individual’s beliefs and values (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2006, p. 90). By being culturally competent, nurses are able to help improve health outcomes by using cultural knowledge and specific skills in selecting interventions that are specific to each client (Stanhope & Lancaster). Therefore, nurses “should perform a cultural assessment on every client with whom they interact with” (Stanhope &

With the large increase multicultural population in the United States, nurses encounter patients with differences in healthcare beliefs, values and customs. To provide adequate nursing care, nurses must be aware of these differences. They must respect and acknowledge the patient’s culture. To do this, nurses need education on cultural competence to ensure patient satisfaction and better patient outcomes.

Nurses have the responsibility of caring for a diverse group of people. These people come from different cultures, races, and religious backgrounds. Religion plays a major role in patient care and has for many years. Cultural competency is a major component of nursing practices. Understanding culture is imperative in knowing what is important to a patient and how to address his or her healthcare needs. Understanding culture is also important when determining what suggestions to make about interventions for treatment. Culture is defined as many people interacting and sharing with one another their patterns of behavior, beliefs and values (Burkhardt, G. & Nathaniel, A., 2014).

Culture competence is a quality that any nurse should have. The article that I decided to research refers to the impact that language and different cultures have on a patient’s health. It is the duty of health care professionals to attempt to learn about different cultures and to be sensitive to the way patient’s feel about their beliefs. Once the nurse understands a patient’s

Health is defined a state of wellbeing which is equally viewed by many different cultures. However, the definition of wellbeing is seen differently among cultures, in relationship to their beliefs and values. (DeNisco & Barker, 2015). Cultural care in nursing is a very important part of nursing care, whether the nurse is a bedside RN or a practicing primary care NP. There are many theories in nursing related to cultural care. Most encompass the need for nurses to take into consideration the cultural caring behaviors and values of individuals and families to provide culturally competent nursing care.

Madeleine Leininger was born July 13, 1925 in Sutton, Nebraska. She is known for developing the Transcultural Nursing Theory also known as the “Culture Care Theory”.. She earned her Doctor of Philosophy, Doctor of Human Sciences and Doctor of Science. She was also a Registered Nurse and Certified Transcultural Nurse. Although Leininger developed transcultural nursing theory in 1950’s, it wasn’t published until four decades later in Leininger’s Culture Care Diversity and Universality (Petiprin, 2014). Leininger recognized that there was an absence of cultural care knowledge while providing patient care. Therefore, purpose of Transcultural Nursing Theory is to help nurses take in consideration the patient’s culture and cultural background when determining how to care for the patient (Petiprin, 2014). It also helps nurses to become more understanding and respectful when it comes to diversity in culture and strengthen nurse-patient relationship. Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural theory is now incorporated into nursing education to help improve health outcomes by knowing who our patients are as a whole. By doing this we see patients as a whole, and not just viewing them simply a set of symptoms or an illness (Petiprin, 2014). Nurses can integrate patient’s cultural background with the steps of the nursing process,

Leininger’s theory encompasses the four metaparadigms of health, nursing, person, and environment. Her theory supports the aspect of health by suggesting that patients that are cared for by culturally based care will have better outcomes of heath and well-being. In nursing, TCN keeps the patient at the forefront of the nurse’s actions and helps to guide their care. The person is capable of caring and ultimately cares for others like children, elderly, and themselves. The environment refers to the physical place where the person lives including their surroundings which includes their culture and its practices. Leininger (1997) states that as “nurses become educated in TCN they will understand the multiple holistic, social structure and environmental factors influencing care, health, dying, disabilities and other human conditions related to both poor and affluent cultures” (p.19). Leininger’s theory is valued worldwide. This theory gives nurses a way to treat and care for the many diverse patients that will cross their paths. This theory is a theory for today and years to come due to the multicultural world in which we live (McFarland, 2014).

Today when people move across continents with the help of technology their culture and heritage moves along with them. Almost each and every continent is populated with people from different nations who have diverse traditions and cultures. Thus knowledge of health traditions and culture plays a vital role in nursing. People from different cultures have a unique view on health and illness. Culture-specific care is a vital skill to the modern nurse, as the United States continues to consist of many immigrants who have become assimilated into one culture. I interviewed three families of different cultures: - Indian (my culture), Hispanic and Chinese. Let us see the differences in health traditions between these cultures.

A nurse can be a part of helping a patient’s cultural preservation in their practice. For

Contemporary nursing has certainly become more multi-disciplinary in the last few decades. Even nursing theory tends to now take into account the changing dynamics of the market, and needed responses from healthcare. One seminal theory, for instance, that asks the modern nurse to explain their approach to patient care, advocacy, and more modern issues of alternative therapies is Madeline Leninger's Multicultural Nursing Paradigm, Synergizing the concept of care and the challenges of both financial management and the changing demographic nature of nursing, Leininger's model presupposed that the basic practical knowledge of theoretical nursing is already part of the skill set, but that through a gradual improvement and ease of the technical matters, experience will lend itself to a relaxed, caring focus. This may, in contemporary culture, mean being more ethno-sensitive, learning to explore ways of communication in languages other than English, understanding different cultural phobias and mores, and looking at alternative therapies that may benefit the patient. Leininger certainly avows a diverse and multicultural approach to the healthcare paradigm, and has room for alternative therapies and an openness that many other Western theories lack. Leininger specifically acknowledges the manner in which cultural care in diverse situations is essential for the growth and well-being of humans. Her theory also asserts that care is a universal phenomenon with