Development of Antisocial Behavior in Children Essay

They need to have a parent or guardian who is really concerned with their successful development. Also, the adolescent should have the opportunities to involve themselves in extracurricular activities and educational programs which aim at positive developments. These activities and programs help the adolescents in becoming autonomous in making their decisions and also being creative in their thinking. Through the guidance, the adolescent, therefore, learn to live with others in the society. Since the adolescents have a bigger capacity for change, the caregivers, therefore, need to provide them with the appropriate interventions, which can get together their developmental

While children are influenced by many things, there are no stronger influences than that of their parents. Parents are usually their children’s first playmates, and while there world expands with each passing year, parental influence is still one of the greatest factors in determining the ways in which the child will grow and develop.

Socially and Emotionally the family is a big influence in a child’s development. Parents have a big role by providing care and guidance for their development. Unfortunately some families cannot promote the development of a child because of the conflict among the parents. A single parent can have difficulties in boosting a better development in children and young people, sometimes a child is separated from its siblings and this can affect them too.

Antisocial personality disorder is typically categorized by a disregard for and a violation of others rights. However, there has been an ongoing debate over the cause of the disorder. Psychologists have studied how both nature and nurture have played roles in how an individual develops antisocial personality disorder. For instance, many researchers have noted that nurture may play a role in the cause of the disorder, citing that neglect, harsher parenting, and greater neighborhood deprivation predicted antisocial behavior (Luntz, B. K., & Widom, C. S., 1994; Shaw, Hyde, and Brennan, 2012). Similarly, parenting and maternal depression have been signs of antisocial behaviors (Shaw et al., 2012). While other studies have focused on the biological nature of the disorder. For instance, antisocial personality disorder has been linked to variation in the frontal lobe functioning (Deckel, Hesselbrock, and Bauer, 1996), a reduction in prefrontal grey matter (Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P., 2000). Although the literature appears to be divided between environmental and biological precursors for antisocial personality disorder, more current research has begun to examine how nature and nurture are contingent factors of antisocial personality disorder. Rather than either nature or nurture affects the development of antisocial personality disorder, it is possible that the two interact.

Development of a child have been a thing that most of the parents have been neglecting without noticing that it is very important in the development of a child’s character and social

What I attempted to alter was my antisocial attitudes and behaviors. These behaviors may have developed slowly, but they significantly increased fatigue, negative mood spirals, and obsessive behavior. These symptoms sometimes prevented me from trying much harder than the minimum for many projects. This led to moderate-to-high depression, as well as a misanthropic, hostile attitude towards humanity in general. This would have formerly been seen a characteristic that rarely manifested itself, and was often disregarded entirely, but was now present in all parts of my day I spent at school. I felt a magnetic-like repulsion that prevented me from talking to people, and this caused many problems. I could talk, but I could not talk socially, and this strange behavior likely caused a good deal of my misanthropy. I researched for hours on websites, but I could not find any helpful information that pointed to what disorder I have.

Early childhood is one of the most critical developmental periods in a human’s lifespan. The child transitions from infancy and begins the essential changes needed before the next developmental period begins, middle childhood which begins at six years of age. Development refers to “the orderly patterns of change, as well as continuities that occur in an individual through their life span” (text, p3). Human development is determined by both genes and environmental influences or nature and nurture. Nature refers to heredity which is the passing of traits from parents to their children and maturation which is the changes biologically programmed by genes (text, p7). Nurture refers to the changes that occur due to the individual’s environment

(112) Parents shape their children’s development by meeting their emotional, physical and social needs.

According to research antisocial disorder causes violent acts in children of a young age. Review of literature indicates that antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others. This behavior is often criminal (Berger, 2014). It has been said that people who have experiences a traumatic event in their life many develop antisocial personality disorder, which can also cause them to be very violent (Black, 2013). Researchers say they don’t know for sure what causes this disorder. Many state that how the person interacted in their early years around family and friends can be a major factor to this disorder (Gorhol, 2014). The environment they grew up in such as substance abuse, child abuse, or neglect has been said to be linked with antisocial personality disorder (Black, 2013).

There has been a significant amount of research on the impact of corporal punishment on children, and its effect on their behavior going into adolescence. Several studies have shown that experiencing physical discipline during childhood leads to higher acts of aggression towards others, that physical punishment leads to externalizing these aggressive behaviors (Lansford, Deater-Deckard, Dodge, Bates, & Pettit, 2004). By changing important variables for each study, several researchers have come to the conclusion that parent-child physical aggression has a more significant impact on externalizing behaviors if this aggression occurs during adolescence than at younger ages (Gunnoe & Mariner, 1997). Furthermore, past studies have demonstrated that the level of corporal punishment experienced as a child is directly related to the probability of using physical violence against intimate partners in the future, suggesting that this aggression could translate further than adolescence and into adulthood (Douglas & Straus, 2006; Swinford, DeMaris, Cernkovich, & Giordano, 2000).

Furthermore, psychopathy was considered during the twentieth century, the most widely used term to describe antisocial behavior (Reed, 1996). In the 1980s, the committee who devised the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the American Psychiatric Association recommended the term antisocial personality syndrome to be changed to antisocial personality disorder (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Antisocial Personality Disorder Hare & McPherson (1984), were successful in pushing the idea that there is a significant correspondence between violent and persistent delinquent and criminal histories and antisocial personality disorder diagnosis. Acute persistent child conduct disorder behavior symptoms, also known as conduct disorder, have been directly linked to serious criminality and antisocial personality disorder (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Although criminality and antisocial personality disorder ought not be equated, they should be seen as closely linked behavioral phenomena (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Vitella (1996) believes that individuals with childhood conduct disorder have a higher than normal probability of being both criminal and diagnosed antisocial personality disorder in adolescence and adulthood, and persons with serious criminal records have a higher probability of being diagnosed psychopathic than those with little or no criminal history. Nevertheless, Ellis & Walsh (2000) in caution pointed out that these

Ann Easterbrooks. Xudong Zhao. and Karlen Lyons-Ruth (2012) Childhood Maltreatment and Prospectively Observed Quality of Early Care as Predictors of Antisocial Personality Disorder Features, Catherine Tuvblad, Jurgita Narusyte, Martin Grann, Jerzy Sarnecki, and Paul Lichtenstein (2011) The Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Antisocial Behavior from Childhood to Emerging Adulthood, and Kimberly B. Werner, Lauren R. Few, and Kathleen K. Bucholz (2015) Epidemiology, Comorbidity, and Behavioral Genetics of Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy, we will better understand the current data available about ASPD. This paper will discuss in further detail the epidemiology and etiology of the often misunderstood ASPD.

Based on this perspective, it has also been theorized that some parents teach their children antisocial behavior unintentionally by rewarding bad or aggressive behavior. Parents who “spoil” their children or fail to discipline them when they display antisocial behavior such as aggression or violence set their children at higher risk of later developing antisocial personality disorder. (Kantor, 2006) Findings that the rate of antisocial personality disorder is higher in adults whose parents also had antisocial personality disorder provide evidence for the behavioral theory. (Comer, 2012) The cognitive perspective of psychology explains the development of antisocial personality disorder theorizing that people with antisocial personality disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other’s needs and emotions.

S. Lee, J. Manganello, J. Rice, C. Taylor (2010) preformed a study to understand childhood aggression. The journal article of Mothers’ Spanking of 3-Year-Old Children and Subsequent Risk of Children’s Aggressive Behavior starts by saying that they are not the first to perform this research and many of studies have displayed connection between corporal punishment with children and child aggression. They are testing their research with new controlling factors, which have not been controlled together before. (Lee et al., 2010) The main goal of the article is to determine the association between the use of corporal punishment against 3-year-old children and recognize later aggressive behavior among those children.

Childhood development encompasses the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional changes from birth until the end of adolescence (White, Hayes & Livesey, 2013). Throughout childhood, environment and genetics promote or discourage growth and development. This essay will analyse the cognitive, physical, social, moral and emotional domains in relativity to my own development from the prenatal stage until adolescence. Psychological and environmental theories are used to develop the understanding and connection between each domain and stage of development. Lastly, this essay will address the controversial nature verses nurture debate and its relevance to my childhood development.