Developmental Crime Prevention

The effectiveness of crime prevention strategies has increased in recent years and many sociologists believe that this is the result of society instilling tougher punishments upon its’ members. Despite this, there are many other approaches that attempt to reduce crime. However, they also have their limitations.

Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy suggests that many people behave antisocially but this can either be temporary or persistent. Temporary antisocial behavior is common among adolescents and many of them grow out of it. If the antisocial behavior is persistent, it can later predict criminal behavior down the road. Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy is an integrated theory made up of strain and social learning theories with a positivism approach. Consistent, stable antisocial behavior is found among a small amount of males whose behavior is extremely problematic (Moffitt, 1993). Temporary versus persistent antisocial persons have two qualitatively different types of individuals and none of them, up to this point, have obtained the research of

Ron Clark describes situational crime prevention as ‘a pre-emptive approach that relies, not on improving society or its institutions, but simple on reducing opportunities for crime’. He identifies three features of measures aimed at situational crime prevention, firstly that they

Nothing should be done with the young children of violence-prone criminals because they had no say so in being conceived. If research could prove that the tendency to commit crime is inherited, then the criminal parent(s) should be required to take some sort of birth control. It would be an invasion of privacy to monitor the children’s behavior at any early age. Besides, Siegel (2016) states, ”Why would these killers, most of whom at one time had attended college, gone out on date, and had friendships…People who knew them claimed they seemed to have gone through a significant personality change just before the murders took place” (p. 127). This quote provides evidence that not all criminals begin at a young age, so why keep an eye on them when

In today’s criminal justice system in the United States, there is a lot of dispute between what the qualifications are for juvenile and adult crimes. Some believe that the only difference is age. Others say it is the severity of the crime. It’s obvious that when adults commit crimes, whether they are a misdemeanor offense or a felony, they pay for it. The confliction comes when a juvenile commits a crime. What exactly determines if they are tried as an adult or a juvenile? Does it vary by state-to-state? Are there federal laws that govern that debate? There have been cases where children have been tried in a court of law as an adult. So what exactly is the clear cut reason why juveniles are tired sometimes as adults, and other times as juveniles?

Secondary prevention methods mainly include the targeting of hot spots or risky behaviour as a prevention towards crime. Practices such as Quality of Life Policing, broken windows theory, as well as programs like CeaseFire are all notable. By focusing on identifying, measuring and mitigating risk the idea is that by targeting these ‘rough spots’ we are able to decrease and control crime. However, much like primary methods there needs to be support from not only the community but they must work in partnership with the state to be able to have funding towards programs that would mitigate risk. An example of how this idea of targeting ‘at risk’ people can be othering is Quality of Life (QOL) policing. This term, QOL Policing, refers to a practice

The process of crafting and testing the model was less systematic than The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention indicates. The model received more criticism than support. It’s been described as poorly articulated. Spergel reveals the successes and failures of the intervention. It stated in the beginning of the article that police responses, characterized

Summary: This chapter discusses the seven secondary defenses applied to crime after detection. These seven defenses can be split into two categories: discourage and oppose. The four ways which potential victims discourage their attackers: movement away from adversary, communicate ability to escape, distraction, feigns, and startles, and symbiotic protection. The three methods for quick opposition upon attack are chemical and weapon defense, sudden weaponry, and emergency social defense.

While murder is taken as one of the most offensive crime, children of six years and below are not punishable under the law. The category is believed to be incapable of planning and executing crimes regardless of the magnitude of the crime committed. Between the ages of two to six years, the child is engaged in many trial activities which he does not understand their consequences. Again, the brain of the child is at the stage of developing high memory capacity. Unfortunately, the most permanently stored information is that of activities undertaken and which involved emotional feelings. They are, therefore, likely to remember and act by their feelings and not much about their thinking. At the age of six, the children are eager to understand why the rules exist and how they operate. The brain is at the stage where it does not configure much and can, therefore, fail to control the actions of the body. Also, the age represents the child most unstable emotional stage. When angry, they do not know how to solve it and what lies as alternative problem-solving methods.

The findings illustrate only what worked for stores in a certain jurisdiction. Adult shoplifters arrested by the police in this particular jurisdiction were not likely to be prosecuted, convicted,

In 2012 a ten year old boy in Southern California murdered his friend with a kitchen knife by repeatedly stabbing the friend in the chest. The suspect was said to have anger issues and a mental illness that he was medicated for. The boy, charged with felony assault and murder, was tried in a Juvenile Court and later sentenced to juvenile rehabilitation. Depending on the crime and age of a defendant, the Juvenile Justice System decides whether or not to put the case in the hands of the Juvenile Court and try them as children. Due to the defendant's unusual young age he was tried as a child,. Often times fifteen, sixteen, or seventeen year olds are tried as adults, when they should not be.

Youth crime is the crime committed by juvenile offenders. It is the common issue in Australia. The age group between 14-19 years old is the popular group of youth crime. (News 2013) Different age groups commit different types of crimes. (The youth court 2009) Also, there are many kinds of crime and crime method in the society, such as, drug offences, robbery, burglary, assault and violent offenses. The group of people who crime together that is called criminal group. It is a prevalence crime method and it is effective for crime. This question will focus on what is youth crime, the change of youth crime in recent year and the relationship between drug offences and the youth crime in Australia.

Over the course of this essay we have discussed crime prevention programs, theories and the results of such programs. As a society it is incumbent upon the citizenry to be conscience of what goes on in they’re communities and to assist our law enforcement professional in any way possible to deter and reduce crime and its effects on our well being.

It may seem shocking that America has one of the highest crime rates per capita compared to other similar industrialized nations. Over the years, there have been many discussions and efforts in order to reduce this problem. Perhaps one of the more sensitive issues when discussing crime in America is the problem of juvenile crime. Recently, juveniles make up 3% of all felonies committed each year and 6% of all violent crimes (criminamerica.net). These statistics have troubled politicians for decades as they have worked to find a solution. Starting in 1994 the Clinton administration started putting stricter punishment on juvenile offenders, but it was quickly realized that this harsh punishment may not be the best solution. Various studies and programs put into action have shown that early prevention in a child’s life is much more effective and more cost efficient in reducing crime. Because of these efforts, juvenile crime has reduced 68% since the violent boom of the 1990s. In light of these discoveries, it is important for states to focus on these results in order to reduce crime.

Previously, there was not enough knowledge or resources amongst communities to raise awareness or organise crime prevention programs for juveniles. Today, schools together with police and community-based workers are aiming to provide the expertise to help create crime prevention programs for juveniles. It is believed that that one of the most active crime prevention strategies is effective intervention programs. A substantial number of crimes amongst adolescence are detected from anti-social behaviours. Youth need to be more involved in their community activities such as church associated groups, sports clubs, recreation centres (Dodington et al 2012, p. 1026). Other school organisations such as ‘Links to Learning’ helps adolescences engage in activities that will teach worthy skills for future work and careers. All these extracurricular activities will give youth less time to consider committing crimes