Developmental Disabilities : Clinical And Research Applications

This paper will identify the various aspects of how developmental disability can be defined, how many people are estimated to experience DD, the long-term and short-term management of DD and a client with a developmental disability can receive affective counseling, treatment and different intervention approaches to assist in the enhancement of the individual’s life. Each state may have slightly varied definitions of DD. For example, the State of Ohio’s labeling and definition of DD has evolved from mental retardation to developmentally disable to what it is now called, “Intellectual disability”. (Ohio Department of Education, [34 CFR δ300.8© (6)].

Stress is induced by life events .Lazarus and Flokman in (Cavanaugh and Blanchard –Field (2005) point out stress is defined by the person and that no two people experiences stress the same event in exactly the same way. Each individual has a specific tolerance for stress depending on general level of adjustment, the internal and external resources available to that person, flexibility of learned coping mechanisms and the degree and type of stress being experienced .The rise in stress that results from emotional

Psychological stress has been conceptualized as a perceived threat to a typical way of life. In addition there have been cases where psychological stress has been reported to affect overall health both physiologically and mentally. An interest in the phenomenon of psychological stress experienced by families has led to the revelation that the relational approach to psychological stress is a suitable approach to examine stress. Lazarus and Folkman have aided significantly in understanding the relational approach to stress, by introducing the psychological stress and coping theory. The theory suggests that there is an interaction between appraisal of demands and the environment. Relying on the psychological stress and coping theory it can be inferred that stress is an

According to the discussion DSM p31 the intellectual developmental disorder differs from global developmental delay from specific limitation of learning or control a description is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder {ADHD} and Autism. The intellectual developmental disorder deficits diagnoses of mental disabilities; reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgement, academic learning and experience. Moreover, Intellectual developmental fails to meet personal independence of daily life as to adaptive functioning. In addition, in a community setting individuals fails to in daily life as to communication, social participation occupational functioning. Contrast global developmental delay diagnose is when an individual fail

Hans Selye started to use the term “stress” when he discovered that all of his patients looked sick and worn out. He concluded that all of them had something in common: they were all under physical stress. Selye did not stop when he provided convincing arguments that stress impacted health. Could it be psychological? Could it be stressful? John Mason, a physician, designed an experiment to test if psychological stress was equivalent physical stress. Either way hormone levels increased when put in a stressful situation. There was also a debate about whether people react the same way or react different. Eventually it came to be that there are common element that cause stress, however, people will react differently to the stressors. In my research,

A developmental disability is a condition that affects a person’s ability of learning, working, and actively involving in different activities and productivity in their society. A developmental disability is a major reason for many people not to accomplish what they are dreaming

Developmental Disability (DD) is a disability that is manifested before the person reaches the age of twenty-two, and consists of severe chronic conditions that are due to mental and or physical impairments. Unfortunately people with DD have problems with major life activities such as mobility, learning, language, self-help, and independent living and is determinable to mental retardation (Developmental Disabilities, 2014).

Aditi Shankardass (2009) argues that the information received from EEG tests have the potential to unlock the hidden issues in the brains of children with developmental disorders Developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders and sensory processing disorders, affect approximately 1 in 6 children (Shankardass, 2009), suggesting that advancement in the diagnoses of these conditions can impact many. The current and most commonly used model of diagnosis of developmental disorders is anchored on observing the frequency, intensity, and duration of atypical behaviors. While this method of observation is sufficient in diagnosing some mental illnesses, it fails to capture the physiological causes of brain disorders. This failure is evidenced

Developmental disabilities include several types of conditions due to impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions usually begin during the developmental period, may impact daily functioning, and most of the time last throughout a person’s lifetime. Most developmental disabilities begin before a baby is born, but can also happen after birth due to injury, infection, or other risk factors. It is very important that the mother takes care of herself during her pregnancy to prevent or reduce the chances for her baby developing a disability. All the different types of developmental disabilities will be explained and discussed throughout the research paper.

I am sure most of you would say, yes! Your friend’s daughter engages in conversation using sentences and your child is still using single words. At the park, your child struggles with the playground equipment, while others appear to be natural athletes. Or, you remember that your other children developed certain skills earlier and question if your youngest child is delayed.

The article acknowledges that parents of children with intellectual or developmental disabilities tend to experience a lot of stress in their life. This is due to their child’s condition and the many special cares the

Did you know that an estimated 4.6 million Americans have a developmental disability? That is almost five percent of the country’s population, not including the hundreds of people that go untreated, or who have never been diagnosed. The term “developmental disabilities” refers to a group of conditions that cause impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavioral development. Typically manifesting during the primary development period (between ages 2 and 17), these conditions usually last throughout the entirety of a person’s lifetime. In an effort to counteract the potentially detrimental effects that living with a developmental disability may have on a person, there are many development disability services that assist children,

The literature has highlighted the issues faced by the parents of special children in a detailed manner. Children having intellectual and physical disabilities pose great challenges to the family members as well as to the parents (Lawton, and Roberts, 2001, p. 308). Previous literature is an important reflection to study the challenges posed. Even if families have a single child having abnormalities, great levels of difficulties are faced by the families. If the literature is studied in detail, it will be seen that such studies have conflicting and contrasting findings. Most of the studies have reported increased stress and depression within the families having children with mental and physical disabilities (Lee, Lopata, Volker, Thomeer, Nida, Toomey, Chow, and Smerbeck, 2009, p. 228). While there is a set of studies that argue that no difference can be seen between the families, having disables families and the ones having normal children. In these cases it needs to be mentioned that greater number of studies have reported that higher levels of stress is found in the families having severely disabled children as compared to those families who have healthy normal children. In these cases, an important fact that needs to be mentioned here is that great roles are played by positive family relationships. Lesser stress is found

A., & Tantleff- Dunn, S., 2001). It is more stressful for mothers to focus on other things such a work (Islam, M.Z., Shanaz, R., & Farjana, S., 2013). Parents feel overwhelmed with their child’s behavior that they at times refuse to take their children out to public areas and prefer to isolate themselves at home (Dunn, M. E., Burbine, T., Bowers, C. A., & Tantleff-Dunn, S., 2001). Developing well coping strategies can help parents balance their attention and feel less stress when raising a child with developmental disability (Dunn, M. E., Burbine, T., Bowers, C. A., & Tantleff-Dunn, S., 2001). This can be challenging for parents and families because stress can lead to depression which can affect everyone in the household. Parents may find that having some alone time can help reduce stress and they are able to past down these strategies to other families that are experiencing the same issues of stress.

In conclusion, this essay examined how psychosocial factors such as stress related to life events mediate stress outcomes. It also critically evaluated the life events approach to stress and its association with illness outcomes. Finally, this essay examined the limitations to this approach. From this essay we have learned that thousands of life altering events occur across an individual’s life which can have a significant impact upon their health. It is also clear that there is a huge amount of literature which demonstrates the effects of stressful life events on health and how they mediate illness. As a result, it can be said that the life events approach to stress has had a great impact on biological psychology and it that it has contributed