Developments to Hydrogels Made From 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate

PHAs with useful properties such as exceptional biodegradability and biocompatibility in mammalian systems are excellent candidate for conventional medical implantation devices and tissue engineering. Furthermore PHAs could also be used as a nonspecific immobilizing matrix for protein purification and presentation. Its hydrophobic nature limits the use of PHB in gene therapy applications in order to requiring good water solubility need to have hydrophilicity,

Polycaprolactone (PLC) displays desirable physicochemical, mechanical and thermal and degradation properties relative to other polymers rendering it ideal for dressing woulds over skin creases (Moroder et al., 2010). Specifically, PLC membranes are highly hydrpophobic and thus provide an impressive collection of exudates beneath the wound dressing. PLC membranes essentially create a moist environment on the surface of the wound which enhances its diffusivity. Its hydrophobic capacity also renders it an ideal material for dressing dessicated wounds and those with low-exudate production. This property also enhances the diffusion of growth factors, cell migration, and enzymes required to facilitate wound healing. PLC

Surgical bleeding has been issued in clinical fields because traditional surgical methods such as suture, cautery and stapling, are ineffective. Recently, hemostatic patches have been introduced as an alternative hemostatic agent to cover organ laceration. In this study, we developed thrombin conjugated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA/THR) meshes as novel biodegradable hemostatic patches. The pre-fabricated PLGA meshes by electrospinning were modified plasma treatment, and thrombin was immobilized on the surface of PLGA meshes. The surface of PLGA/THR meshes was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and

Ooi, SY., et al (2016). Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from rice husks as a reinforcing material in gelatin hydrogels for use in controlled drug delivery systems. Industrial Crops and Products, 93, 227-234.

The wound dressing is playing an important role in the wound healing process. An ideal wound dressing should be biocompatible, biodegradable, oxygen and moisture permeability, maintaining a barrier to the microorganism, swelling capability, and appropriate mechanical strength to improve the healing process[1]. In the past, several materials and fabrication methods were used as wound dressing[2].

Plain alginate solution was prepared by dissolving sodium alginate at different concentrations (1% w/w,1.5% w/w, 2% w/w) in distilled water stirring at 70ᵒC for 20 minutes and maintaining the pH at 2. The cross-linking solutions were produced by mixing Spirulina (20 % w/w, 25%w/w) and Calcium chloride (10% w/w, 15 %w/w) at various combinations of concentrations with distilled water. The pH of the solution was altered to 3 by adding citric acid buffer. The obtained solutions were drawn into a 20mL syringe and extruded through 22 gauge and 26 gauge needle into a sodium alginate solution while stirring using a magnetic stirrer. Later the formed hydrogen beads were washed several times using distilled water and later stored in 5% w/w Calcium chloride solution overnight.

2.2. Synthesis of Sodium Carboxymethyl Kodagogu Gum (CMKG): Kodagogu gum was modified to sodium carboxymethyl Kondgogu gum with slight modification of the method reported earlier. 10 g of kodagogu gum was mixed with different amounts of ice-cold NaOH solution (10 M) over a period of 45 min. Different amounts of monochloroacetic acid were dissolved in 10 mL of water and added slowly to the dough for a period of 1 h at 15 °C. The mixture was heated to 65 °C and stirred for I hour and studied the effect of temperature some batches were prepared at 35 and 95 °C. To obtained wet semisolid mass and was washed with 80% (v/v) methanol/water mixture (50 mL × 3) for 15 min and neutralized by glacial acetic acid. The modified gum was dialyzed against

This review emphasizes an extensive bibliography of recent basic and applied research and investigations on the aspects of this interesting biopolymer including the recovery, preparation, modification and application of chitin and its derivatives and related compounds. A new class of biocompatible and biodegradable chitin-based polyurethane (PU) elastomer was also introduced and reviewed in this study and it was found that by incorporation of chitin into the PU elastomer backbone, biocompatibility and degradation rate of the final elastomer

The use of the classic engineering design approach has been a deciding factor in the ability to make more rapid progress. Understanding the physics, mathematical models, and parameters allowed the optimization of sensor design. Multiple disciplines have allowed sensor signaling, experimental in vitro, and product testing to be applied to the process of the engineering design. “The development has been based on principles of mathematical modeling, chemical engineering, materials engineering, electrical engineering, dynamic systems analysis, enzymology, organic chemistry, electrochemistry, physiology, tissue engineering, and manufacturing. Research groups that have taken narrow disciplinary approaches limited to only a few of these areas have been

Highly absorbent and act by drawing excess exudate away from wound. Maintain some moisture through humidity to keep wound moist. They are commonly applied on top of other products – e.g. Hydrogels or honey. The dressing has a semi-permeable membrane backing allowing oxygen exchange and controlled evaporation, resulting in a moist healing environment. Foam dressings with anti-microbial properties are now available. The antimicrobial agent is called Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). The Polyhexamethylene biguanide attacks the bacteria in wound exudate as it is absorbed. The dressing itself helps to maintain a moist environment and also preventing pathogenic organisms from growing within

A wide choice of constituting polymers, both natural and synthetic, delivers diverse properties which can be engineered into the hydrogel matrices, such as cell adhesiveness low-fouling behavior, etc.[219] Hydrogel immobilization of biological materials is useful because pores within the gel are in the range of 1-10 nm in diameter. This allows the entry of small molecules, such as enzyme substrates, but it prevents relatively large entities such as cells and enzymes.[220] Because of their biocompatibility and high water absorbability, hydrogels are used in many biological applications, including controlled drug release, cell delivery, artificial organs, biosensors, contact

According to World Health Organisation (WHO), on an average, motor vehicle crashes have killed about 1.25 million people every year and also it has been observed that 90% of the world's fatalities on the roads occur in low-income and middle-income countries. India accounts for about 10% of road crash fatalities worldwide [45]. The control of hemorrhage (massive bleeding) is a critical step in first aid and field trauma care. This control is essentially done by applying pressure, elevation of bleeding site, usage of elastic field dressings, tourniquets and novel haemostatic dressings [29]. Among these methods, hemostatic dressings are used as last alternative, but it is the resourceful system of all. In this report, various forms of hemostatic materials and the products available in the market are reviewed.

The XRD spectra of blends were compared to the control spectra of native keratin and alginate as mentioned in Figure 1. In XRD spectra, the native keratin and native alginate give a highest intensity at near 7543 and 4100 at about 19° and 14° angle of 2θ respectively, which is also confirmed by other researchers [16–18]. The spectra of keratin/alginate blends prepared at a ratio of 10:90, 30:70 and 50:50 gives a highest intensity peak 3573, 5128 and 3264 at 22°, 6.8° and 7.1° angle of 2θ respectively. The XRD spectra of all blend ratios gives a new peak in between 6°-8° angle of 2θ which is not present in the spectra of native keratin and alginate, this depict that the structure of native keratin and alginate become altered and form a new structural pattern in blend form. The XRD spectra of blend scaffold revealed that the intensity of blend has transformed as compared to the control XRD spectra which confirm that the compatibility exists in between keratin and alginate. Several works are reported for the biomaterial preparation from various blends such as chitosan/agar, agar/soy-protein, carboxy-methyl-cellulose/soy protein, soy protein/agar etc. [18], but in the author’s best knowledge none of the report available which can explain the compatibility in between keratin and alginate.

Bacterial cellulose or biocellulose (BC) is an extracellular cellulose naturally produced by many microorganisms. BC has been considered as an alternative biomaterial since it possesses superior qualities to other cellulose. BC exhibits many unique characteristics which are different from those of other plant celluloses Biocellulose has chemical and physical properties that are superior to the properties of plant derived cellulose. Compared to plant cellulose, the nanofibril network of biocellulose has interesting properties such as excellent water holding capacity, high degree of polymerization, high crystallinity, high purity, good biocompatibility, and excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, due to its many unique properties,

In this study, a novel method was used to produce a nanostructured composite consisting of hydroxyapatite and MgO by varying the temperature. The structure and morphology of the synthesized nanocomposite were characterized. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, an increase in crystallite size and degree of crystallinity with an increase in the temperature was observed. The XRD investigation confirms that the grain size of the synthesized nanocomposite is in the range 4-11nm. The grain size increases when the temperature is increased due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) studies confirm the presence of PO43-, CO32- and Mg2+, and OH- groups. The UV-VIS Spectroscopy measurements show the reduction in the band-gap upon the temperature. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images ascertained that nano HAP/MgO at 2500C and 3000C composite shows flakes like morphology.