HLTEN611B – Apply Principles of Diabetic Nursing Care
Assessment 1 – Case Study
James is 18 years of age and has just presented (with his parents) to his GP with a 2 week history of extreme fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. His random BGL is 41mmol/l and his blood ketones show 3.2mmol/l. His GP has diagnosed Type 1 diabetes with DKA and has sent him to the emergency department to see an endocrinologist at your public hospital, St Health Skills. The endocrinologist has decided on inpatient stabilisation. James has been deemed stable enough with his DKA to avoid ICU admission, but requires acute nursing care. He is severely dehydrated, his potassium and sodium levels are low and he is experiencing muscle and abdominal
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Type 1 diabetes can also be caused by a virus that damages the pancreas in some way. This condition is not preventable and those with type 1 require regular ongoing insulin injections to balance blood glucose levels. (WebMD , LLC, 2012)
Type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant) is when not enough insulin is produced by the pancreas leaving the body unable to control sugar levels in the blood. It is believed that obesity causes the body’s cells to become resistant to insulin therefore this type of diabetes is mainly associated with a lack of physical activity, obesity and poor diet. This condition is preventable through early lifestyle changes. The person may not have symptoms prior to diagnosis and the disease develops gradually meaning that as the disease gets worse the pancreas may make less insulin. (WebMD , LLC, 2012)
Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus involves; patient history and physical examination. Blood tests including; FBG level exceeding 7.0mmol/l, OGTT level exceeding 11.0mmol/l using a 75g glucose load, postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c over a 2-3 month period >8%, lipid profile, serum urea and serum creatinine, electrolytes. Complete urinalysis. (Brown & Edwards, 2012)
Question 3 How will you approach this initial meeting with James and his family? What things do you need to consider? Are there any emotional considerations?
James is feeling anxious and angry about the situation he
Type II Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes or aadult onset diabetes. It is a medical disorder that, due to a number of factors codependent with the modern world, is characterized by higher than normal blood glucose levels that play havoc with insulin deficiency and resistance. Insulin resistance means that cells do not respond appropriately when there is free insulin in the blood system. Essentially, they body is reacting to an improper balance of sugars and insulin. Because obesity is often present, research suggests that even thought the mechanisms controling glucose and insulin are unclear, the adopose tissue likely
Type 2 is characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin as well as an overall decrease production in insulin. There is a genetic predisposition to Type 2 diabetes, but there are several other factors that also put an individual at
The most significant difference between the regular insulin and the rapid acting insulin is the onset. The onset for rapid-acting or lispro is 10-15 minutes, and for the regular it is ½-1 hour.
People often do not realize how deadly and complicated diabetes is. When first diagnosed with diabetes patients may often be confused by how their lifestyle will have to change. Some patients may not even know how serious the complications may be. This information is to help not only the people who are affected by diabetes but also to inform everyone on how to help prevent the onset of diabetes.
need for increased understanding of the economic, and societal seriousness of diabetes and its complications, and of the escalating costs to individuals, families, workplaces, society and governments.
Type 2 diabetes is a form of diabetes that is insulin resistant and it often results from excess body weight and physical inactivity.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease that can affect both children and adults. This disease is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. It claims about 178,000 lives each year. Type one diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, usually occurs in people less than thirty years of age, but it also may appear at any age. Diabetes is a very serious disease with many life threatening consequences, but if it is taken care of properly, diabetics can live a normal life.
Diabetes is a very grave and serious disease involving many hardships, but a good diet, exercise, and overall healthy habits can keep your diabetes under control which in-turn makes you feel better and avoid later complications.
Type 2 diabetes, your body doesn’t use insulin well and is unable to keep blood sugar at normal levels. Most people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different disorders with different causes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system destroys the insulin producing cells, also known as beta cells, in the pancreas. Type 1 is also known to appear shortly after a viral infection. The
There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, due to the destruction of beta cells. This results in chronic hypoglycemia. Type 2 diabetes is correlated with obesity and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. The body is resistant to insulin because the skeletal muscle is unable to respond to the insulin-mediated glucose uptake.
This is a diabetes case study of Mr. Charles D., a 45-year old male who is experiencing classic symptoms of hyperglycaemia. Recently divorced and living alone in a new home, Charles has complained of recent weight loss, excessive thirst, and frequent urination. He is a busy CEO for a major technological company. This case study for Charles will educate him as to what are the causes of diabetes: explain the presenting signs and symptoms emphasize the psycho-social impact to his amended life, and instruct him in the economic impact that he and millions share.
Type 2: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, however the body doesn’t respond to it as it should, this is because the quantities of the insulin being produced are insufficient, or the body’s cells just don’t react to it and so the glucose levels in the system remain high. Type 2 diabetes is a ‘progressive disease’ and can get worse if it is not managed properly. Long term effects of high blood sugar can result in heart disease or kidney
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that "occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the body's energy" (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world' population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the
Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body produces too little insulin (Type One Diabetes) or can’t use available insulin efficiently ( Type Two Diabetes). Insulin is a hormone vital to helping the body use digested food for growth and energy.