Diabetes In Australia

The increase in type-2 diabetes in Australia is closely linked to social and cultural factors. One’s cultural background has a major impact on their risk for diabetes, such as the ATSI community. A culture that participates in risk factors of a disease increase the likelihood of a peer being involved in risk behaviours or that the person will be affected by their behaviours. For example, a risk factor for diabetes is smoking, in which the likelihood of being a daily smoker is 2.6 times higher than non-indigenous Australians. Therefore, if there is a culture to smoke among the elders of these communities many generations of Indigenous Australians will continue increasing their likelihood of prevalence, and if they choose not to smoke they still

According to Zimmet (2001), about 150 million people in the world have been suffering with diabetes and it would be 300 million by 2025. Another interesting study by AusDiab in 2000 revelead that 7.4% of the population aged 25 or over had diabetes (type 2 in 90%) Since 1981, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased to twice in and the total number of cases has increased threefold in Australia (Dunstain 2002).Although type 2 diabetes is effecting all races,it was identified highly in south Asians and also worlds one-third diabetic population is from indian continent ( Jean 2008). According to the report from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in United states of America, nearly 25.8 million people have been affected by diabetes in 2010 with 90- 95% of them being type 2 DM (CDC 2011). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus which is characterized by the deficiency and resistance of the

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by the loss of the ability to control the glucose level in the blood by the loss of insulin. This disease can be of many types, but the prevalence of type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes are mostly seen in Australia, with type 2 being more common (AIHW, 2011). 4% of Australians have Diabetes, and according to the 2004-2005 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey, diabetes was three times more common in Indigenous Australians than in the Non-Indigenous Australians.

Diabetes is the leading cause of death in North America. In Canada, there are over 9 million people with diabetes and nearly 90% of them have type 2 diabetes. There are also many Canadians who have diabetes and do not know it (Canadian Diabetes Association). There are complications that can arise if diabetes is untreated or poorly managed; heart disease, kidney disease, eye disease and nerve damaged (St Michael's Hospital). Type 2 diabetes can be managed with physical activity and diet, as well as with education, maintaining healthy weight, medication, blood pressure control, glucose monitoring, and not smoking (St Michael's Hospital)(Canadian Diabetes Association). An individual’s risk of developing diabetes can be reduced with diets comprised of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts. It is important to keep a diet low in refined

We need sustained, nationally consistent programs to prevent, detect and manage diabetes in Australia. Too many plans and strategies have been designed and not properly implemented or evaluated.

There are some factors that are non-modifiable and create a predisposition to the onset of developing Type 2 Diabetes. These non-modifiable factors include family history, race/ethnicity and age, and cannot be changed by lifestyle choices. Type 2 diabetes is traditionally a late onset disease however it is becoming more frequent to be diagnosed as a young person. Alpurrulam’s student network is made up of 89% Indigenous students alone. “Indigenous people were three times more likely to be living with Type 2 Diabetes than non-Indigenous people” (Australia Bureau of Statistics, 2004-05). It is vital for our students to be educated on Type 2 Diabetes because of the high vulnerability of our school population of developing this lifestyle disease.

Diabetes is a serious disease within the aboriginal population; in 2012 there were almost 300 diabetes-related deaths among aboriginal Austrians. The incidence of diabetes is around 8.6% of Aboriginal people aged 2 years and over reported in 2012 that they had either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, it was recorded that rates of diabetes were 3.2 times higher among Indigenous people then among non-Indigenous people.

There are two types of diabetes but this essay will focus more on Type 2 diabetes. Currently, the number of people with diabetes in Australia is going higher and went up to 1 million this year and doubled compared with the statistics in 1989. Approximately, 80 % of them are Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Diabetes Australia, 2015). Furthermore, according to the survey there are about 1.8% of all Australians have an Intellectual Disability (328,000) and about 9% of them are suffering with diabetes. However, the true prevalence of diabetes in Australia’s population is still unidentified and unknown (Carolan, Holman, Ferrai,

5 percent of indigenous people between the age of 25 and 34 reported to have diabetes in 2012, which confirms that the Australian indigenous community suffers from the diseases at early ages (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2014).

Diabetes is associated with wide range of complications such as chronic renal failure, blindness, amputations, heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke, and neuropathy (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). There is no known cure for diabetes, but the disease can be controlled through health management that includes multiple perspectives of care such as medications, blood glucose monitoring, diet, nutrition, screening for long-term complications and regular physical activity (Alotabi, A., et al., 2016). Managing diabetes may be complicated and requires the knowledge and skills of both healthcare providers and the clients. Studies have shown that to prevent or delay diabetic complications due to diabetes, counseling and other lifestyle interventions are the effective therapy. Even with many policies set up for diabetes, 8.1 million Americans are undiagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and approximately 86 million Americans ages 20 and older have blood glucose levels that considerably increase their risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus in the next several years (CDC, 2015). For diabetes care to be successful there needs to be a good understanding of the disease and management by both patients and healthcare providers,

Diabetes can be considered as one of the biggest global issue in 21 centre. Over 400 million people were reported living with diabetes in 2015[1]. In Australia, the diabetes population is approximate as 1.7 million, which include around 1 million type 2 diabetes[2]. Moreover, the number of diabetes in Australia is increasing rapidly recently year, and it is predicted that about one third Australian wouldl living with this disease[3]. That suggest that the diabetes market in Australia could show a great potential in the future decade. Base on the previous data of diabetes population in Australia, it is expected that at least 1 million patients are required for oral antidiabetic agent every year[4].

There are over 240,000 people in NZ who are diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the largest and fastest growing health issue in NZ. According to a set of data from an Otago University researcher, Dr Kirsten Coppell from Sciblogs(an organization of scientists in NZ), said, “7% of New Zealanders over the age of 15 have diabetes, 18.6% have pre-diabetes which typically leads to Type 2 diabetes (therefore the prevalence is likely to go higher than 7%), The pre-diabetes prevalence increases with age - it was 45% in 55-64 year age group”. These people have no clue on what risks Type 2 has on their body, what damage it can cause, and how it can affect them if they continue living the way they do. To prevent this from happening, a healthy diet and regular exercise can help reduce the risk of getting Type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes is one of largest health issues in NZ, affecting an estimated 6.8% of adults over 25 (Ministry of Health, 2015). Distribution of this health issue is shockingly unequal, with a

Diabetes is a major health issue in Australia. It was the main cause of deaths in 2009 and a main contributor to 1 out of 10 deaths that occurred. Health

Diabetes is a major problem in our society today. Many people have heard about the disease; however, they do not know too much about its complications. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive and lifelong condition that affects the body’s ability to use the energy found in food (WebMD, 2016). Many new cases are confirmed every year and unfortunately, many go undiagnosed for years. Diabetes is a serious disease and need to be taking seriously. The disease can lead to many other health problems such as blindness, nerve damage and kidney diseases. The more the community understand and made aware of the seriousness of the disease, the better it can be control and or prevented.