Diabetes Is A Common Disease That Affects A Large Number Of The World 's Population Essay

     Periodontal disease is more commonly known as gum disease or gingivitis. This infection is serious enough, that it can lead to tooth loss if left untreated. This chronic infection starts around the tooth and it affects the supporting bone and gums. Periodontal disease can affect anywhere from one tooth to all thirty-two teeth. The disease pathology starts with the plaque that builds up on your teeth everyday.

Annotated Bibliography Entry: Lamster, Ira B.. Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Health : An Interprofessional Approach (1). Somerset, US: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. ProQuest ebrary. Web.

The diabetic patients show many complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy, delayed wound healing, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia. Periodontitis, which is inflammation of the periodontal supporting tissue, is the most common

Treatment of periodontal disease can be broadly divided into two, non-surgical and surgical. Longitudinal comparison between non-surgical and surgical therapy had been studied extensively by groups of researchers, namely the Gothenburg, the Michigan, the Minnesota, the Nebraska, and the Arizona group. There are some heterogeneities between studies from different groups. Some studies focused on single rooted teeth, while others included molars. Majority of the studies are done in a university setting, while the Arizona study was done in private practices.

Having Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is associated with oral infections. A major oral infection that will be discussed is periodontal disease. Periodontal disease and Diabetes Mellitus have a two-way relationship; periodontal disease is the sixth most common complication of Diabetes Mellitus and DM is the strongest risk factor for periodontal disease (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0082158). A risk factor that can occur from diabetes is xerostomia; this is the condition of not having enough saliva to keep the mouth wet (http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/oralhealth/Topics/DryMouth/). As a dental hygienist, you should

Periodontal disease can lead you to lose all of your teeth. The mouth is the gateway to the rest of the body; it can be the entering passage between healthy and sick. The moment an infection grows in the mouth, the entire body automatically starts to try to fight it. “…due to significant findings supporting the association between periodontal disease and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and osteoporosis” (Amar and Kim). It has been suggested that the bacteria of this infection may enter the bloodstream and attach themselves to the blood vessels which then increase clot formation. These clots then lower the blood flow to the heart indicating that a heart attack is a common consequence of gum

Patients were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) no periodontal treatment within the previous 12 months; 2) no use of antibiotics within the previous 6 months; 3) no systemic disease that could influence the outcome or progression of periodontal therapy; 4) no use of anti-inflammatory drugs within the past 3 months; 5) no pregnancy; 6) no use of hormonal contraceptives; and 7) no smokers, alcohol drinkers, or drug users. Patients with <16 teeth, partial dentures, or fixed prosthodontic appliances were excluded from the study. Teeth with mobility grade III or periodontal pockets deeper than 10 mm in the studied areas were not evaluated. All selected patients signed an informed consent form before undergoing the research

Since diabetes depresses wound healing and creates blood vessel changes, Alice is at an increase risk of gingivitis and periodontitis. I can provide periodontal therapy if Alice is diagnosed with gum disease (Little et al., 2013, p. 236).

Oral health seems to all link together, by not treating one side effect different concerns can occur in the oral cavity. Periodontal disease is a disease that involves inflammation of the periodontium. “Periodontal disease causes a breakdown of the periodontium, resulting in loss of tissue attachment and destruction of the alveolar bone.” (Bird, 2015) Which means that once it’s lost, you can’t get it back. “Periodontal disease is the lead cause of tooth loss and almost 75 percent of adults have some form of periodontal disease.” (Bird, 2015) The primary cause of periodontal disease is plaque. Plaque cannot be easily removed by rinsing the mouth, so if plaque builds up and isn’t removed for a long period of time, a patient with xerostomia and bad oral hygiene can be susceptible to periodontal disease. That’s why deep cleanings performed by a dentist or hygienist is so important. A dentist or hygienist uses a scaler that is used to scrap off plaque from above and below the gum line. In some cases, a laser may also be used to remove plaque which results in the procedure being more comfortable for the patient. That’s why patients need to be informed about removing plaque themselves at least once a day. Periodontal disease begins with a vast amount of bacterial plaque, but medications can also trigger periodontal

People with diabetes are more likely to develop gum disease. This is because the immune system can be compromised in those whose diabetes is not in control. Good oral hygiene can help to prevent gingivitis, which will reduce blood sugar levels.

Gum disease or periodontal disease is caused by a sticky film of bacteria that has formed in tiny pockets around your teeth. The sticky bacteria called plaque. Plaque causes the tissues that support your teeth get infected. Gum disease can cause the loss of teeth, tissue, and bone. Chronic periodontitis affects 47.2% of adults over 30 in the United States” (Gum Disease, MouthHealthy.Org). However, according to the book, A Wellness Way of Life by Robbins, Powers, and Burgess; “Gum disease can increase inflammation and can be prevented by practicing good oral health (i.e. flossing every day and brushing your teeth for two minutes twice a day)” (A Wellness Way of Life,

General manifestations of diabetes mellitus are Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss and visual disturbance 21, while oral manifestations includes burning mouth, altered wound healing, increased incidence of infection, enlargement of the parotid glands and xerostomia and Neuropathy( paresthesia) gingivitis and periodontitis, attachment loss and alveolar bone loss is 3 fold compared to non-diabetic control subjects. Changes in the collagen metabolism and wound healing alternations. Periodontal infection increased the risk of poor glycemic control by six fold and oral Candida

The Effects of Full Mouth Disinfection on Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes with and without Chronic Periodontitis study identified the problem of the high periodontal disease prevalence amongst individuals with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. The researchers found periodontal prevalence rates to be generally higher in diabetics than in those free of the systemic disease (as cited Srirangarajan, Setty, Satvanaravan, & Shetty S, 2016).

Periodontal disease has two categories to classify that is known as gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal disease is known as a “bacteria infection that induces an inflammatory response in the periodontal tissue”(230 Gehrig,J).

A total of forty five subjects were included in the study with an age ranged from thirty five to forty five years. They were divided into three groups. Group1 (control group) include 15 healthy subjects. Group2 ( chronic gingivitis group) include 15 patients; those patients were diagnosed as having chronic gingivitis after obtaining a proper case history, and through clinical and radiographic examination. Group3 ( chronic periodontitis group) include 15 patients; those patients were diagnosed as having chronic periodontitis after obtaining a proper case history, and through clinical and radiographic examination. Both study groups (group 2 and group3) had undergone phase I therapy.