Diabetes Is A Group Of Metabolic Diseases

In year 2013, it is estimated that almost 382 million people suffer from diabetes for a prevalence of 8.3%. North America and the Caribbean is the region with the higher prevalence of 11% having 37 million people with diabetes followed by the Middle East and North Africa with a prevalence of 9.2% having 35 million people with diabetes. Western Pacific is the region with higher number of people living with diabetes (138 million), however its prevalence is 8.6%, close to the prevalence of the World.

Uncontrolled diabetes can affect nearly every organ of the body; of which, heart disease and kidney failure are most commonly impacted. Known as diabetes mellitus, a collective term for various blood abnormalities, the term diabetes refers to either a scarcity of insulin in the body or the body’s inability to accept insulin. Though the symptoms of diabetes are manageable, many are unaware as to having it. According to the CDC report “2011 Diabetes Fact Sheet,” approximately 6 million people in the United States have undiagnosed diabetes. Undetected, diabetes can become deadly. In a recent World Health Organization report “Diabetes Action Now: An Initiative of the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation,” it

Diabetes affects over 180 million people in the US and is projected that by 2025 this figure will increase to 300 million.

Diabetes mellitus has a worldwide prevalence of 8.3 percent of the population with the amount of new cases diagnosed per year

The effects of diabetes are nothing less than devastating. It is a disease that is affected by interdependent genetic, social, economic, cultural, and historic factors (CDC, 2011a). In the United States, nearly 26 million Americans are living with diabetes, and another 79 million Americans have prediabetes (CDC, 2011a). Diabetes has been associated with reducing the quality of life of people with the disease, and it also has a tremendous economic burden on our health care system. In 2007, diabetes and its complication accounted for $218 billion in direct and indirect costs in 2007 alone (Dall, et al., 2010).

The incidence rate of diabetes in the U.S is 6.6 per 1,000 population (CDC, 2015). Over the years this health issue has decrease from an incidence rate of 8.5 in 2008 to 6.6 per 1,000 in 2014 (CDC, 2015). However, there is still a long way to go. Diabetes causes more deaths than breast cancer and AIDS combined, thus, making it the seventh leading cause of death in the United States (CDC, 2015). Diabetes is a public health concern and it impacts everyone whether directly or indirectly due to how common it has become. The cost of diabetes contributes to a sum of $245 billion each year (CDC, 2015), which causes a serious burden on the health expenditure and the economy. The objective of Healthy People 2020 in regards to diabetes is to reduce its economic burden and improve the quality of life of individuals that at risk of diabetes (Healthy People,

Centers for disease control and prevention (2014), reported a total of 29.1 million people in Unite States have diabetes including all age groups, with a 21.0 million of this total currently diagnosed and the rest still undiagnosed. Diabetes mellitus type 2 accounts for 80-90% of cases of diabetes. The amount of persons affected by this disease is increasing worldwide on an accelerated basis. Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and the leading cause of blindness and end stage kidney disease.

In addition to genetics, other risk factors for diabetes include age, obesity and socioeconomic disparity. In 2012, approximately thirty six percent of the population of Webb County was considered obese and sixty percent were at risk for becoming obese (Direct links to health-related data, 2015). Conversely, obesity rates for the Caucasian population of Texas were ten percent lower (Direct links to health-related data, 2015). A major contributor to instance of obesity is diet and the traditional foods consumed by Hispanic Americans contain high amounts of simple carbohydrates which break down quickly in the body, causing elevated blood sugar and spikes in glucose levels.

Worldwide, Diabetes mellitus is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality, and its global impact is likely to accelerate over the next coming decades. International Diabetes Federation (IDF) 2015 reports, 415 million people have diabetes. By 2040 this will rise to 642 million. In every country, the number of people with type 2 diabetes is increasing.

Diabetes is describes as a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Patients with high blood glucose level will typically experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). More than 25% of the U.S. population aged65 years has diabetes mellitus. Although the burden of diabetes is often described in terms of its impact on working-age adults, diabetes in older adults is linked to higher mortality, reduced functional status, and increased risk of institutionalization. Older adults with diabetes are at substantial risk for both acute and chronic microvascular

Diabetes Mellitus, common name also known as Diabetes, is a disease or disorder of hyperglycemia (also known as high blood sugar) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leading to abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism (American Diabetes Association, 2006). This disease occurs within the body when your blood glucose becomes too high. Glucose is necessary to keep the cells in the body healthy. In order for glucose or as some people know it by sugar to be used as energy, it must be transported by insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced in the beta cells of the Pancreas. For example, “Your car has an empty gas tank (the cell body), the gas is in a large tank under the ground (glucose in the blood stream), to put gas from the ground into your car, you must use the gas pump (insulin)”. Diabetes Mellitus is known to be the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. It is also a major cause of heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure which lead to dialysis and the need for a kidney transplant.

Diabetes affects 18.2 million people in the United States. It is often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus and described as, “… a metabolic disease in which the person has high blood sugar …” (Collazo- Clavell et all. 2009), either because the insulin is inadequate or the body’s cells don’t respond well to the insulin. The health and economic consequences of diabetes are considerable. The majority of people that have diabetes live in low and middle income countries, where the prevalence of the disease is high. There are three types of diabetes that are called type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Although diabetes is a disorder, it can lead to other diseases such as heart attack, kidney failure or death. A person that has

Diabetes has become a global problem in recent years. The International Diabetes foundation showed that the number of people diagnosed with diabetes during the last twenty years has risen from 30 million to over 246 million. (1). In the UK most health experts have realised the increasing number of people with diabetes. In the past decade those who had diabetes was 1.4 million in 1996 but in 2012 rose to 2.9 million.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia (elevated blood sugar level) affecting the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, resulting from the inability of the body to secrete and/or use insulin (American Diabetes Association (ADA), 2005; World Health Organisation (WHO), 2016). Patients with type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) requires insulin for survival as the cell-mediated destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas eventually lead to a lack of insulin secretion (ADA, 2005; WHO, 2016) . Conversely, type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients have insulin resistance (ADA, 2005) wherein their bodies cannot use the little insulin that it produces (WHO, 2016).

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.