Diabetes : Juvenile Onset And Type I

Type 2 is characterized by the body’s inability to use insulin effectively because of a combination of resistance to insulin as well as an overall decrease production in insulin. There is a genetic predisposition to Type 2 diabetes, but there are several other factors that also put an individual at

29 million people in the United States (9.3 percent) have diabetes, and of those 29 million approximately 7.25 million are unaware that they are diabetic (www.cdc.gov). Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Diabetes can be divided into two groups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes and is usually found in children and young adults. Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease. Type 1 diabetes restricts the body from producing insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Type 1 diabetes can be managed by using insulin therapy and other treatments to help those infected maintain insulin to convert sugars, starches and foods into energy(www.diabetes.org). Type 2 diabetes is the most common, people with Type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance meaning the body does not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas makes a surplus insulin to compensate for the lack on insulin in your body. However, over time your pancreas is not able to keep up and can not make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels(www.diabetes.org). Complications of diabetes in the long term include potential heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

There are many types of diabetes. The two I will be discussing are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 generally affects young people and requires treatment with insulin. Five to ten percent of Americans with diabetes have this type. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin and need regular shots of it to keep their blood glucose levels normal. People who are at risk for type 1 are those who have a family history of the disease,

Diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to properly store and utilize glucose. The un-utilized glucose is then left to circulate through the body in the blood stream causing hyperglycemia (Joslin, 2014). There are two main types of diabetes: Type I Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) and Type II Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II). In Type I diabetes, the body is not able to produce Insulin, a hormone that enables the body to utilize glucose (Joslin, 2014). People with Type I diabetes require regular insulin injections in order to survive. In Type II diabetes, the body produces Insulin but either the body does not respond to the Insulin or the body

Sometimes children with diabetes display clear signs of a problem, such as blurred vision or fruity-smelling breath. In other cases, however, the signs of disease may be more subtle and difficult to detect. Though they have physical causes, some symptoms may appear to be behavioral in nature. Here are some subtle but important indicators that your child may have juvenile diabetes.

Type 2: In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, however the body doesn’t respond to it as it should, this is because the quantities of the insulin being produced are insufficient, or the body’s cells just don’t react to it and so the glucose levels in the system remain high. Type 2 diabetes is a ‘progressive disease’ and can get worse if it is not managed properly. Long term effects of high blood sugar can result in heart disease or kidney

As previously stated, there is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the differentiation, the etiology of diabetes is divergent. Being insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes is brought about by the immune system eradicating beta cells, leading to the deficiency of insulin. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes has a basis that can often times be prevented to an extent (“Causes of Diabetes”, 2014).

Diabetes is becoming more common around the world that is why I want to get into why diabetes ties in with exercise physiology. Insulin has a major part in our body, but we do not need to use it while exercising, insulin isn’t needed during exercises because glucose can enter the cell without insulin. But when the body is resting without insulin resting blood glucose will be too high because cells cannot take glucose from the blood. This is why it is good for people to go exercise, so glucose can enter the cells while not using up as much insulin that will cause your blood pressure to be lower.

The aetiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (or juvenile onset) is a localised auto immunity disease caused by type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T cells) are responsible for the destruction of Beta (β) cells with in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreases (Handorf, Sollinger, & Alam, 2015). Although reasons why are unknown, this is due to T-Cell Receptors (TCR’s) binding to self-antigens presented by class 1 Major Histocompatibility Complex ((MHCs) Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in humans) on the membrane of β cells aided by binding cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4). CD4 a transmembrane glycoprotein present on T-cells binds to a specific region of the MCH this is the first signal

Each year over 40,000 people are diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. Once a disease that was considered a death sentence, many people with juvenile diabetes go on to live long and healthy lives. Scientists are hopeful for finding a cure to the disease, which would change the lives of over 12 million people who live with the disease daily.

In todays society people who are diagnosed with diabetes are either directly or indirectly dealing with the situation day by day. Although there are two different types of diabetes, type 1 diabetes is more fatal to the human body in comparison with type 2. In 2009 there were approximately 18,436 youths that were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes according to American Diabetes Association (Statistics About Diabetes, 2014). According to an article by Dennis Thompson Jr., he explains that doctors know what causes type 1 diabetes, however are unsure of why type 1 diabetes occurs (Thompson, 2013).

In Type 1 diabetes, your child's pancreata (digestive gland) closes the production of insulin which is essential for survival. In such a situation, you have to replace this insulin in the body.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes which affects 90% to 95% of the population. In the United States, approximately 1.7 million new cases of diabetes were identified in 2012 and the disease affects 29 million Americans or 9.3 percent of the population. In 2012 the total financial burden of diabetes was estimated to be $245 billion which included $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity. Those who have type 2 diabetes are unable to control insulin levels resulting in a condition called insulin resistance. In the first stages of the disease your body attempts to compensate for excess blood sugar by making more insulin. As the disease progresses, your body is unable to produce insulin in sufficient quantities to offset blood sugar, which results in destruction to your kidneys and damage to other organs. Additionally, excess blood sugar impairs circulation in small blood vessels which are found in the eyes, kidneys, and heart and may lead to hardening of the arteries. Nerve damage may also occur with diabetes resulting in chronic pain (Harris 1998).

Type one diabetes is the rarer form of the disease, diabetes mellitus. Type one diabetes is an autoimmune condition[11] where the body cannot produce the hormone insulin; this is due to the body’s immune system mistaking the beta cells, which produce insulin, for alien cells, consequently this triggers an immune response, which results in them being destroyed. In the body insulin is used to regulate glucose concentration within the blood and to help cells to absorb the glucose from the blood to produce energy. Beta cells, which produce insulin, are normally located in the regions of the pancreas called Islets of Langerhans [1]. After a while, the immune responses irreversibly destroy the beta cells. Without the beta cells, insulin cannot be produced. If untreated results in the body’s glucose concentration

Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world with currently 347 million people living with the condition and was the direct cause of approximately 1.5 million deaths in 2012 (WHO). It is a condition that occurs when the body cannot provide enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that is produced effectively. Insulin is what allows glucose to enter the body’s cells for energy so without it, too much glucose stays in the blood stream. The insulin is what regulates blood sugar and without it, it can cause damage to the body. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 is caused when the pancreas cannot produce insulin and is less common in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is caused when the body does not