Diabetes Mellitus As A Metabolic Disorder

Type 1 is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. It is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. There appears to be a hereditary link in people with Type 1 diabetes. Other factors have been known to cause Type 1 diabetes such as viral infections, toxins, and other environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is the rare form, affecting about 10% of the diabetes population. Its onset usually occurs in people less than the age of 20.

"Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common" (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, and utilization. There are many forms of diabetes. "Diabetes increases the risk of heart and blood vessel disease, amputation, infections, kidney damage, eye problems (including blindness), and nerve malfunction" (Husain). I will

People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their cells don't use it as well as they should. Doctors call this insulin resistance. At first, the pancreas makes more insulin to try to get glucose into the cells. But eventually it can't keep up, and the sugar builds up in your blood instead. The symptoms of type 2 diabetes can be so mild you don't notice

Type 2 Diabetes is a very harmful disease that is caused by the reduction of insulin produced in the body. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the body that allows the sugar in the body to be used. People that are diagnosed with type 2 are resistant to insulin ands will have to receive insulin shots. Although diet and exercise can help with type 2, medications still have to be taken. There are many different types of medications and they are all different, depending on how severe the condition is.

Many people with type II diabetes can regulate the condition with a proper diet. Sometimes they can be prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs, which work by stimulating the pancreas to produce insulin.

Type 2 diabetes results from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, (2013). Although diabetes may run in the family, the risk is greatly increased when associated with lifestyle factors such as not enough physical activity, unhealthy diet, high blood pressure, over weight and obesity and extra body weight that is carried around the waste (Diabetesaustralia.com.au, 2013). All these cause the body to be unable to make enough insulin. If beta cells don’t produce enough insulin, or the body doesn’t respond to the insulin that is present, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by cells in the body, leading to diabetes (Shuldiner, 2014).

Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Diabetes, can be caused by a genetic disorder. It can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults around 20 years old or before a person is 30 years of age. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called the beta cells, in the pancreas, an organ located in the area behind the stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to

Type 1 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents but can sometimes be diagnosed in older age. It is defined as a chronic condition in which the pancreas does not produce insulin which is needed to allow glucose, known as the bodies source of fuel, to enter the cells. Type 1 diabetes does not have a cure but can be managed with proper treatment of insulin therapy. Type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is commonly caused by genetics, obesity, poor decisions in diet and exercise. It is defined as the bodies inability to break down glucose by resisting insulin and affecting the maintenance of regulating glucose levels in the body. Glucose does not move into the cells so it builds up in the bloodstream causing increased blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes does not have a cure either but can be controlled with proper diet, exercise and maintaining a healthy weight. If the previous interventions do not work then patient may need medications and insulin therapy.

Diabetes is considered a metabolic disorder. Glucose is obtained from the food we ingest and normally insulin is released as the glucose levels rise. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by cells called Beta cells. Diabetes results from an imbalance of the hormone insulin. When Beta Cells fail to produce insulin the levels of glucose in the blood rise as the kidney is not able to filtrate the high amounts of glucose in the blood. Another cause of diabetes can be insulin resistance. Insulin resistance occurs when the body is not able to utilize the available insulin. Insulin is in charge of maintaining the proper levels of glucose in the plasma. Insulin levels are raised when the levels of glucose in the blood are high. Insulin activates the absorption of glucose by the cells that need it. The excess glucose is filtered out of the body as urine. This is the cause for constant urination in diabetics. As the body tries to get rid of the excess glucose polyuria occurs. Glucose is of great importance as it provides energy to cells such as those in the muscles and brain to properly function. In diabetics even though there is high levels of glucose the organs are not able to utilize it because insulin is not sufficient and the absorption of glucose by the cells does not occur. Symptoms may not be evident but the may increase as the disease progresses. There are three major types of diabetes, type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes which will be fully explained

Diabetes mellitus (sometimes called "sugar diabetes") is a condition that occurs when the body can 't use glucose (a type of sugar) normally. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body 's cells. The levels of glucose in the blood are controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is made by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose enter the cells.

Type 1: In type 1 diabetes the cells that produce insulin in the pancreas are destroyed and cannot be made, this type of diabetes usually occurs in childhood due to the autoimmune system attacking and destroying its own cells that produce the insulin, the beta cells in the islet of Langerhans are destroyed and thus unable to produce insulin. This type of diabetes in incurable and is treated with insulin injections.

The cause of diabetes type 1 is not fully understood, however, viral infections, heredity and autoimmune disorders play a important role in the triggering of type 1 diabetes.It’s also known that type 1 diabetes arises when the beta cells of islets of Langerhans which secretes insulin are destroyed by immune-mediated response, viral infection or heredity susceptibility. Furthermore, its onset usually occurs in young people

Diabetes can be treated through careful management of the body. Type 1 requires daily injections of insulin, along with a strict diet and exercise. Type 2 does not require insulin injections, but other medications

the biology side of type 2 diabetes: type 2 diabetes Unlike people with type 1 diabetes, the bodies of people with type 2 diabetes make insulin. But either their pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body cannot use the insulin well enough. This is called insulin resistance . When there isn 't enough insulin or the insulin is not used as it should be, glucose (sugar) can 't get into the body 's cells. When glucose builds up in the blood instead of going into cells, the body 's cells are not able to function properly. Other problems associated with the buildup of glucose in the blood.

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that prevents the body to utilise glucose completely or partially. It is characterised by raised glucose concentration in the blood and alterations in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. This can be due to failure in the formation of insulin or liberation or action. Since insulin is produced by the p cells of the islets of Langerhans, any receding in the number of functioning cells will decrease the amount of insulin that can be synthesised. Many diabetics can produce sufficient insulin but some stimulus to the islets tissue is needed in order that secretion can take place. During the early stages of the disease, the Insulin Like Activity (ILA) of the blood is often increased, but most of this insulin appears to be bound to protein and is not available for transport across the cell membrane and action of the cell. Globally, as of 2010, an estimated 285 million people had diabetes, with type 2 making up about 90% of the cases. In 2011 it resulted in 1.4 million deaths worldwide making it the 8th leading cause of death. This is an increase from 1 million deaths in 2000. Its rate has increased, and by 2030, this number is estimated to almost double. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially type 2) in more developed countries. The greatest increase in rates is, however, expected to occur in Asia and Africa, where most people with diabetes will