Diabetes Mellitus ( Dm )

Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreas to release insulin in an appropriate amount to become used for energy. With diabetes mellitus the body does not properly make use of the insulin supplied for the body. This causes the pancreas to produced an extra amount if insulin which the body cannot keep up with, causing an imbalance to the blood glucose levels (American Diabetes Association, 2015). In the united states diabetes affects almost 29.1 million people, while the another 86 million people have pre-diabetes but do not know. It is also known as the 7th leading cause of death in the country in the recent years (MedicineNet.com, 2016). For a patient suffering from a chronic form of diabetes mellitus understanding how these mechanisms lead to the condition can be used as preventative measures. Potential consequences as well as the causes and clinical manifestations will ensure a better knowledge on the issue to monitor the condition.

From the graph, it can be concluded that student 4 is diabetic. After the administration of a standard dose of glucose, this student seems to have a very similar plasma glucose concentration (PGC) to that of a diabetic from the population average glucose tolerance test. After 30 minutes, the plasma glucose concentration of student 4 seems to be higher than that of a diabetic, as it’s 14.2mmol/l, however it slowly decreases overtime but remains relatively high at 120 minutes.

Diabetes remains the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. The cost of care for diabetics and new cases of diagnosed diabetes patient’s rise more and more each year. In 2010 234’051 death certificates were issued with the mention of diabetes as a contributing factor to the death. About 60% of lower limb amputations were performed. The cost of care for diabetics is now at an astronomical high of $176 billion dollars. A change a most be made to prevent all of this loss. (American Diabetes Association, 2014)

Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that influences the physical and social aspects of life for millions of people living in New York City (NYC). The excess accumulation of glucose in the blood caused by this disease can lead to the breakdown of many organs in the human body leading to increased hospitalizations and mortality. Although diabetes is a manageable disease given the appropriate care and education, the disease and its complications disproportionately affect African-Americans or non-Hispanic blacks then any other ethnic group in NYC. The NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) reports death rates among black New Yorkers are higher than among whites, regardless of neighborhood income. There is a significant number of non-Hispanic blacks afflicted in low-income neighborhoods due to the environmental injustices such as lack of fresh food options, neighborhood poverty, and limited recreational space for physical activity and exercise. With lifestyle modification as the mainstay of treatment, recognizing the environmental deficiencies and rectifying these problems at the local and federal levels will help to decrease this health disparity.

Based off these measurements, M.G has hypertension and if not taken care of, her blood pressure could lead to a hypertensive crisis. During M.G’s physical her lab results showed her fasting blood sugar to be 200 mg/dl, total cholesterol 280 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol 30 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol 180 mg/dl, and triglycerides 200 mg/dl. Normal levels for fasting blood sugar are100 mg/dl or less, good total cholesterol is below 200 mg/dl, LDL cholesterol levels best for people at risk of heart disease are below 100 mg/dl, HDL cholesterol levels of 60 mg/dl and above are good, and lastly triglyceride levels below 150 mg/dl are considered good. When comparing M.G’s level’s to normal levels you notice that her fasting blood sugar is double the normal amount, and her total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides levels are all considered high/poor. With looking specifically at M.G’s fasting blood sugar, you can see her levels are well pass being considered pre diabetes, and are we'll over the diabetes standard level of 126 mg/dl. Overall, M.G’s poor lab results verify her diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and show how serious her condition is, especially if it is not

A 48-year-old woman arrives to hospital displaying signs of headache, tiredness, thirst, dizziness, lack of concentration and numbness in the hands and feet. The lab results show that her blood sugar readings 425 mg/dL are higher than natural. She admits to a few dietary indiscretions, such as having multiple servings of dessert when going out with family. She lives in Fort Lauderdale. She is being medically reviewed at Broward Health Medical Center.

Since Type I is insulin dependent, the treatment for this specific type is insulin injections when the blood sugar levels in the blood have risen higher than normal. Insulin cannot be taken orally due to the fact that it will be destroyed by the digestive enzymes. Injections through the skin with a syringe or the use of an infusion pump have been shown to be the most effective in administering insulin into the body. The treatment plan for type I will be insulin, along with a healthy diet and exercise to prevent further complications from arising.

Diabetes type two is one of the fastest growing public health problems in the world. It is difficult to treat and expensive to manage. It has been estimated that the number of people with diabetes in the world will double from the current value of about 190 million to 325 million during the next 25 years (WHO, 2016). Individuals with type-2 diabetes are at a high risk of developing a wide range of complications such as cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, nephropathy, changes to the retina and blindness that can lead to disability and premature death (CDC, 2014). There is a genetic susceptibility and environmental influences for development of diabetes mellitus type 2, however, there is an increase of physical inactivity, obesity, and type-2 diabetes has been observed in the Western world. One of the major risk factors is obesity and physical inactivity may constitute the main reasons for the increasing burden of diabetes in the developed world (CDC, 2014). Type 2 diabetes mellitus most commonly occurs in adults age 40 years or older, and the prevalence of the disease increases with advancing age. The aging of the population is one reason that type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly common. (CDC, 2012).

When Y.L.’s laboratory test results were analyzed, it was shown that she negatively exceeded the optimal range of each diagnostic test that was performed. Y.L.’s fasting glucose showed as 184 mg/dL, which was the first indication that she was diabetic, based on scientific testing that has proven that any amount over 126 mg/dL points to diabetes. Her HbA1C was 8.8%, another marker for DM (diabetes mellitus). Studies have shown that any level over 6.5% is a sign of being diabetic. An increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, and a decrease in HDL, although not definitive markers, can be underlying signs of diabetes in a patient; this is also known as diabetic dyslipidemia. Our patient’s total cholesterol was 256 mg/dL; anything over 225 mg/dL is considered high. The test showed that her triglycerides were 346 mg/dL (anything over 200 mg/dL is thought to be high); her LDL was 155 mg/dL, with anything from 120-159 mg/dL being deemed to be

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder characterized by complete or partial insulin deficiency and/or cellular resistance to the actions of insulin which results in an accumulation of glucose in the blood leading to hyperglycemia. Several classifications of medications can be utilized to manage elevated blood glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus. Many formulations of insulin are available to manage blood glucose levels with variations in onset, peak, and duration. Insulin’s mechanism of action promotes cellular uptake of glucose along with potassium and conversion of glucose into glycogen. Oral antidiabetics have various mechanisms of actions, but ultimately work to increase insulin or alter carbohydrate metabolism in order to manage blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Other medications for supplemental control of glucose levels are amylin mimetics and incretin mimetics, which mimic the effects of naturally occurring peptides and can be used with insulin or oral antidiabetics. Amylin mimetics and incretin mimetics both decrease gastric emptying time and inhibit secretion of glucagon, but only incretin mimetics increase release of insulin. Amylin mimetics are used in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, whereas, incretin mimetics are used only with type 2 diabetes. In contrast to the above medications, hyperglycemic agents are utilized to manage hypoglycemia by increasing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in order to

The initial diagnosis is Diabetic ketoacidosis (DK) adding the symtoms of type 1 diabetes ( hyperglycemia). Once the patient arrives at the hospital, the initial interventions will focus on an aggressive management of glucose, electrolyte, and the volume of blood of the patient. A finger stick and Ketone test will be the initial action to undertake, because it will first confirm the existence of a diabetes condition (Baillie, 2012). If the level of ketone is high during the test, then there is a presence of ketoacidosis.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that affects a big portion of the United States population, and is one of the biggest problematics with the patients in the Progressive Care Unit of Florida Hospital Celebration. The project addressed the improvement of nursing education in order to better assess, educate and guide patients on their treatment. Eventually patients will have a better understanding, and adherence to their complex DM treatment.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a chronic debilitating condition when not handled properly and it is a very costly disease thus it is one of the leading consumers of health care (Pereira, 2014). The main goal of treatment diabetes is to maintain carbohydrates specifically glucose to normal levels. However, maintaining blood sugar (fasting 4-7 mmol/L) is a different challenge if the person have an intellectual disability, such as Down Syndrome (DS) (Mertig, 2011). In this essay, it will cover the health challenges of Kyle, who is a 45 year old male with Down syndrome, moderate intellectual disability and a Non-Insulin Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM), managing his condition with proper exercise as well as diet. Individual care for people with DS is essential, each individual vary on their specific needs making it very crucial for the health care provider to assess their physical and emotional needs. Also, this composition will tackle Kyle’s Body functions and structures, his activity and participation, and environmental and personal factors that might affect his health condition.

Diabetes mellitus has many different characteristics and is defined as a set of abnormalities characterized by a state of sustained hyperglycemia. Some common characteristics of diabetes mellitus are excessive thirst, polyuria, polydipsia, blurred vision, weight loss and infections. In many cases, these symptoms are not severe, but in the case that they are they result in ketoacidosis or a nonketotic hyperosmolar state. These severe states can lead to more severe problems such as a stupor, coma and death (Ekoé, 2008). The long term characteristics of diabetes mellitus are continual development of capillary disease of the kidney and retina, atherosclerosis, and peripheral nerve damage (Ekoé, 2008). Individuals that have this disorder have an increased