Diabetes Neuropathy : A Neurological Disorder Associated With Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Diabetes refers to a set of several different diseases. It is a serious health problem throughout the world and fourth leading cause of death by disease in the country. All types of diabetes result in too much sugar, or glucos in the blood. To understand why this happens it would helpful if we understand how the body usually works. When we eat, our body breaks down the food into simpler forms such as glucose. The glucose goes into the bloodstream, where it then travels to all the cells in your body. The cells use the glucose for energy. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps move the glucose from bloodstream to the cells. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus further explains the concept on how this disease works. Pancreas

The most common symptoms are fatigue, having to urinate more than feeling thirsty, distorted vision, and dry mouth. Type 1 diabetes symptoms are rapidly noticed with more severe symptoms verses type 2 diabetes, which have symptoms that usually are not as noticeable and develop at a slower rate.

1. Annotated Bibliography Entry: Diabetes Education: Art, Science and Evidence (1). (2012). Hoboken, GB: Wiley-Blackwell.

The evidence included in this summary is from Franco, J. R., Jacobs, K., Inzerillo, C., & Kluzik, J. (2012). The effect of the Nintendo Wii Fit and exercise in improving balance and quality of life in community dwelling elders. Technology & Health Care, 20(2), 95-115. The study addressed whether or not improving balance through exercise decreased the risk of falls. The study compared two types of exercise programs for improving balance; the Nintendo Wii Fit and the Matter of Balance program. The methodology included dividing residents of an independent living senior facility into three groups. The Wii Fit group and the Matter of Balance group consisted of 11 participants and the third group, the Control group, consisted of 10 participants. Results were determined based on one-way ANOVAS in which variation within each sample was compared to the variation between the samples to test whether there is greater variation between the groups. Assessments from the outcome measurements were not statistically significant according to the study. The Berg Balance Scale tool measured the pre and post balance of the participants resulting in little change with the strength of this assessment evidenced by (p=0.837). The Tinetti Gait and Balance Assessment of mobility, balance, gait, and fall risk of participants registered minimal pre and post change with the

With the process of aging, movement, gait, flexibility and reflexes are altered. Reduced stability and gait is an increasing risk factor in older adults that are at risk for falls. Research studies compare the mobility of older adults that have fallen and compared to non-fallers and have determined that once an older adult falls, there is an increase in hesitance when it comes to mobility. Since the older adult then reduces their mobility as a result of fear of falls, they will ultimately decreased their functional capacity and result in gait unsteadiness. This will consequently increase the risk of falls in the older adult since they are more apprehensive to walking independently and performing activities of daily living on their own (Sapir,

What is diabetes mellitus, and what action can I take to manage my Diabetes? Diabetes is a disease that affects the body systems that include; nervous system, integumentary system, genitourinary system, cardiovascular system, circulatory system, and endocrine system. In the Chinese traditions they see diabetes as having a yin deficiency or having an excessive amount of yang that is causing disharmony between the elements that provide nourishment to you spleen and pancreas. The medical and nutritional approach interconnects when investigating the individual cause of the increase susceptibility to diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration, ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It’s accounts for 50–75% of non-traumatic amputations in diabetic patients.(Holzer SE, et al 1998, Boulton AJM, 1998,Malay DS, et al 2006)

Falls are triggered by multifaceted factors with numerous dangers that include either long or short term influencing factors. The connections between these factors may be altered by the person?s age, ailments, illnesses, diagnoses such as Parkinson?s, stroke, diabetes mellitus and arthritis, or their surroundings. The major fall risk factors for elderly include their advancing age, loss of muscle strength, unsteady gait, impaired balance, incontinence of bowel or bladder, depression, cognitive impairment, due to

Among a wide array of risk factors for falls among older client with type 2 diabetes are the use of multiple medications, excess muscle weakness, especially at the ankle, and a host of environmental factors. Specific factors that significantly heighten risk among many with type2 diabetes are the presence of motor and/or sensory neuropathy, which increases the displacement of the center of pressure recordings during static balance tests in a dose dependent manner, the use of insulin, vision impairments, and the level of glycated hemoglobin. Others include lower levels of physical activity, and poor postural control or balance. As well, people with type 2 diabetes tend to be older rather than younger, and in addition to poor levels of neuromuscular control, may have diabetic foot ulcers, and high rates of body pain as well as foot pain that lead to the use of psychotropic medications and polypharmacology.

The control group was researched for balance, limits of stability, and gait of patients with AD, FTD’s. The balance was measured using dynamic posturography, in single and dual tasks and gait with Biodex Gait Trainer. In

Diabetic neuropathy is a nerve disorders caused by diabetes. Symptoms include pain, tingling, or numbness, loss of feeling in hands, arms, feet, and legs. Nerve problems can occur in every organ system. Diabetic neuropathies appears more common in people who have problems controlling their blood glucose, those with high levels of blood fat, high blood pressure and obese (Porth, 2015). Metabolic factors include high blood glucose, abnormal blood fat levels, and low insulin levels. Neurovascular factors are associated to damage to the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to nerves (Porth, 2015). Autoimmune factors that cause inflammation in nerves. Mechanical injury to nerves, for example, carpal tunnel syndrome (Porth, 2015). Inherited

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main

At this point in time neurological gait disorders, which according to Driscoll and Skinner (2008) include:

The article studies multiple sclerosis and Dynamic Gait Index as a tool for evaluating walking and risks of falls during rehabilitation among people with this disease. There were 81 participant and eight tasks with 0 to 3 points to each in a scale of 4, were “0” meant severe impairment and “3” as a normal walking with out an assistive device, total score 4. “The DGI consists of 8 items: walking on level surface, walking when changing speed, walking with horizontal head turns, walking with vertical head turns, walking with pivot turn, walking with stepping over obstacles, walking around obstacles, and stair climbing “ (Forsberg,2013). Ages were between 19 and 73 years old, and the majority were women. Also, only patients that were able to walk 100 meters were illegible to participate. The more points mean, the easier to walk in these or those circumstances. Each test took only 5 to 10 minutes. The

As individuals age changes occur physiologically that are part of normal aging. These changes occur in all organ systems and can impact an individual’s quality of life. The changes related to aging can be attributed to an individual’s genetic make up, lifestyle, physical activity, and dietary lifestyle. Being able to differentiate between normal changes in aging against disease process is important because it can help clinicians develop a plan of care (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer, & Zwicker, 2012). Creating an accurate plan of care for older adults will greatly impact their quality of life.