Diabetes: Observably Global Public Health

They include: heart and blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, nerves, gums and teeth. In regards to the heart and blood vessels, there are approximately 65% of death that is caused by diabetes due to major complication of heart disease and stroke. In the peripheral artery diseases diabetes also plays a major role in the cause of poor blood flow in the legs and feet. Many studies show that controlling diabetes can prevent or stop the progression of heart and blood vessel disease. Blood vessel damage or nerve damage may also lead to foot problems that can lead to amputations. More than 60% of leg and foot amputations not related to an injury are due to diabetes. Another complication of diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. There has been a number of eye problems that if not addressed can lead to eye blindness which include: glaucoma,cataracts and diabetic retinopathy. Ninety percent of diabetic-related blindness as study shown could be prevented if there would be regular eye exams and timely treatment of diabetes-related eye problems. Furthermore, kidney failure is also one leading cause of further complication that resulted from uncontrolled diabetes in the U.S. It is said that drugs that help lower blood pressure can help the chance to developing kidney failure by 33%. Also diabetes on nerves can lead to loss of sensation or pain and burning of the feet because nerves are harmed due to over time high blood sugar levels. It can also

Problems like cataracts, glaucoma, and damage to the retina (retinopathy) are issues for many people with diabetes. You must regularly visit an eye doctor, such an optometrist or ophthalmologist, in order to check for these potentially serious conditions.

Even with the improvements in diabetes control and patient care, Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of death than the general population. For the current modelling analysis, the relative risk (RR) of death was estimated to be 2.45 for patients with DME and this was estimated based on the results from two studies. Mulnier et al. reported a RR of 1.93 (95%:CI: 1.89 to 1.97) for diabetic patients when compared to the general population.23 In the second study, Hirai et al., determined that the RR of death in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular edema was 1.27 (95%CI: 1.01 to 1.61).24 By combining the two estimates, the overall RR of mortality used in the model was 2.45 (i.e. 1.93 x 1.27).

and proteins leak out of the abnormal blood vessels. The fluids then collect in the retina and

Blindness. In 2008, approximately 4.2 million individuals with diabetes were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and were at risk for blindness (CDC, 2014). Diabetes continues to be the leading cause of vision loss among adults aged 20 to 74 years (CDC, 2011). High glucose levels and high blood pressure damages the tiny vessels in the eyes, specifically the retina (ADA, n.d.). These tiny arteries become blocked, causing them to swell and sometimes rupture, contributing to loss of sight (ADA, n.d.).

Glaucoma, the leading cause of blindness, currently affects more than 3 million people in the United States and The National Eye Institute estimates that by 2030 this number will be 4.2 million.

Duration of diabetes - the risks for ocular complications are closely related to the onset of diabetes is not as significant as

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss among working adults (Cheunget al., 2010). It was ranked as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness. In 2010, of an estimated 285 million people worldwide with diabetes, over one-third have signs of DR, and a third of these are defined as severe non-proliferative DR or proliferative DR (PDR) or diabetic macular edema (DME). These estimates are expected to rise further due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes, and increasing of life expectancy of those with diabetes (Yau et al., 2012).

Diabetes is the seventh leading killer in the United Stated. According to Straub diabetes mellitus is the body’s inability to produce or use insulin properly, hormone that converts starches and sugar from food to energy. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults. The cause of diabetes is not

Diabetic disease contains a gaggle of eye conditions that have an effect on individuals with polygenic disease. These circumstances embrace diabetic retinopathy, diabetic maccular dropsy, cataract, and eye disease.

Diabetic retinopathy is a disease of the light-sensitive membrane at the back of the eye (retina). It is a complication of diabetes and a common cause of blindness. Early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy is important to keep your eyes healthy and prevent more damage.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common medical problem in today’s world that causes a wide range of systemic complications. This has a substantial effect on the patient’s functioning in the society as the disease occurs in an individual’s most productive years.1 Patients with diabetes often develops ophthalmic complications such as cataract, glaucoma and distal neuropathies. However, diabetic retinopathy is the most common as well as the most blinding complications.2

The authors are professors at different Japanese universities. The specialization fields range from clinical medicine to public health, healthcare research, and health records management. They performed an investigation that was funded by the Japanese government through the ministry of health, labor, and welfare. According to them, diabetic retinopathy had been a significant cause of blindness to the productive Japanese population. Hence, this warranted the research given that the problem occurred in about 80% of diabetes 2

Diabetes is one of the most common diseases, in which the person has high blood glucose, either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both ("Diabetes with Intranasal Light Therapy – (Mediclights Research Inc", 2016). People with diabetes are at risk for long-term problems affecting the eyes, kidneys, heart, brain, feet, and nerves. The best way to prevent or delay these problems is to control your blood sugar and take good care of yourself. (Roxanne B. Sukol, Kristin Kirkpatrick, Scott Burg, Mark Hyman, & Brooke Gurland, 2012). These problems can be referred to as complications. Sometimes people with diabetes don 't realize that they have the disease until they begin

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.