I. People often do not realize how deadly and complicated diabetes is. When first diagnosed with diabetes patients may often be confused by how their lifestyle will have to change. Some patients may not even know how serious the complications may be. This information is to help not only the people who are affected by diabetes but also to inform everyone on how to help prevent the onset of diabetes.
II. Background Data
A. Statistics
1. “Total: 25.8 million people, or 8.3% of the U.S. population, have diabetes.
Diagnosed: 18.8 million people
Undiagnosed: 7.0 million people” (CDC 2010)
2. “Among adults with diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or type 2), 12% take insulin only, 14% take both insulin and oral medication, 58% take oral
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B. Type 2 diabetes is caused by lifestyle and also genetics.
V. Risk Factors
A. Genetics and family history
1. Race and ethnicity.
2. Prior history of gestational diabetes.
B. Obesity and age
1. People who are older are more at risk.
2. Decreased physical activity may put a person at risk for diabetes.
C. Unhealthy eating habits.
D. High blood pressure.
E. High cholesterol.
VI. Diagnosis
A. A1C test
1. Measures what percentage of hemoglobin is coated with sugar.
2. This test is an average of three months.
B. FPG test (fasting plasma glucose)
1. Taken after eight hours without food.
2. Compared against normal blood sugar levels.
C. OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test)
1. Fast for 12 hours before testing.
2. This test last for three hours.
3. Blood is drawn before testing starts.
4. Subject drinks a “cola” liquid containing glucose.
5. Blood is drawn four times during the testing hours (30 min, 1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour)
VII. Prevention
A. Lose weight.
B. Eat foods that are high in fiber, low in sodium, low in fat, and watch portion sizes.
C. Exercise on a daily basis.
D. Start testing at age 45. VIII. Nutritional Treatments
A. Foods which are high in calcium, fiber, vitamins (A, C, and E), potassium, and magnesium.
B. Eat whole grains.
IX. Drugs for Symptom Suppression
A. Insulin
B. “Diabetes pills are members of six classes of drugs that work in different ways to
Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of diagnosed diabetes in the United States.
A person with type 2 diabetes may be treated with insulin as well as an oral hyperglycaemic drug. Discuss why this combination may be prescribed.
Diabetes is everywhere in the world now, since more people have it than ever before. Still, we have a lot more to learn about this illness if we are to fight and overcome it. There are some things about diabetes that most people just don't know. Stay tuned for part two, coming soon!
Diabetes is a problem that is expanding across the nation due to various factors that may be avoided such as bad eating habits, lack of exercise and education. These components can all be reversed, which will result to a diabetic free life. According to Diabetes Research Institute, “the most common form of diabetes is called type 2, or non-insulin dependent diabetes”. People with type 2 are able to produce some of their own insulin, yet often, it’s not enough (Diabetes Research Institute, 2016). Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States and effects over 23.6 million people (Healthy People, 2014).
Diabetes is not curative but can be managed day by day and the diabetic patient can live life long. Insulin injection daily before and after meals when glucose levels are high. Diabetic diet with no sugar and low carbs. Enough physical exercise. Monitoring of blood glucose levels.
need to consume more fruits and vegetables in an effort to achieve the proper dietary fiber
These types of statistics, portraying the growth of diabetes diagnoses, have driven researchers and physicians to find diets, medications, and preventive measures for the disease. In reviewing the medications that are used to treat diabetes, their sometimes-severe complications should be noted. What’s more, none of them speak to the actual, principal source of developing diabetes. Therefore, research on preventive measures and diets have become popular.
“Worldwide, more than 284 million people have diabetes, and this number is expected to reach 439 million by 2030” (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015, p. 13). There are several types of diabetes present throughout the population (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes) (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], 2016). “Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way your body metabolizes sugar (glucose), your body 's important source of fuel” (MFMER, 2016). There is a debate about whether or not Type 2 diabetics would benefit from insulin sooner (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015). When considering diabetes management there are several things to consider, for instance the cost of medication regimens, diabetes complications, and education on self-management (Liebl, Khunti, Orozco-Beltran and Yale, 2015).
At her teenage years, Andie would not have realized how her behavior could impact her future health and her love ones. Her older sister Denise, who also had type 1 diabetes, was Andie’s role model growing up. Despite being told otherwise, Denise would reuse her needles, intentionally miss shots, and not alternate her shots, and yet nothing happened to her. Andie has watched Denise and followed her non-adherence until Denise passed away in her thirties. Denise’s death was a cue to action that made Andie recognize her susceptibility to the complications of uncontrolled diabetes and started to seek and trust medical help. Her developed retinopathy also raised her susceptibility of other complications. These factors are consistent with the
Diabetes refers to clinically and heterogenous group of disorders described by abnormal high levels blood glucose. Diabetes is ranked as 6th leading cause of death. It direct annual medical costs is approximately over $ 92 billion, and another $ 40 billion indirect cost. It affects approximately 18.2 million people in the USA (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013).
The high prevalence rate of diabetes comes at a substantial economic cost. Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner (2012), report diabetes and prediabetes accounted for roughly $218 billion in direct medical costs and lost productivity in the U.S. in 2007. This chronic illness requires several diverse medical professionals to safely and efficiently provide health care to these complex patients. “The American Diabetes Association (ADA) standard of medical care recommends that diabetes treatment be delivered via health care team minimally consisting of a physician, nurse, dietitian, and mental health professional” (Earles, 2001, p. 848). Nurse educators are able to assess patients diabetes management skills and knowledge about the disease. Nurse educators also teach patients on the importance of glucose monitoring and insulin injection technique. The role of a dietician according to Earles (2001) is to develop individual meal plans for each patient and to present meal planning classes that covers general dietary guidelines. Lastly, pharmacists plays a big role as part of the interdisciplinary team as well. Many patients with diabetes have complex medication regimens (Earles, 2001). The team role of a pharmacist is to review and suggest alternative medications that may be more suited for the patient on an individual need. Pharmacists also assist the
Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t know how to use the very little insulin the pancreas produces if it produces any at all. While there is a rare possibility to have Type 1 diabetes but, that it is a genetic disease where the pancreas produces little to no insulin causing the person to have to manually inject insulin. Since Type 2 diabetes is more of a controllable disease and know to be a “lifestyle” disease a person does not have to be on medication their whole life but they do have to take drugs orally that affect the glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes usually accompanies obesity and results from insulin resistance coupled with insufficient insulin secretion. When we ate
· Guidelines for good nutrition and exercise: eat a variety of foods every day to include, fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Decrease the amount of fatty, sugary foods and drinks consumed. Drink more water. Get 30-60 minutes of exercise daily.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that "occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the body's energy" (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world' population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is located in the HLA region on chromosome 6, and the most probable organization of the responsible gene is on a 19-kb region of INS-IGF2, which affects HLA-DR4 IDDM susceptibility. Diabetes Mellitus, was first diagnosed in the year 1000 BC, by the
is generally defined as no more than two drinks a day for men and one