Diabetes Report

In 1920 one of the biggest life saving inventions was created. Out of the University of Toronto Dr. Fredrick Banting and Charles Best were able to create a pancreatic extract that was successfully tested on a dog. Prof. J. J. R. MacLeod who provided the lad and the scientific direction to Best & Banting soon put his entire research team to work on purifying insulin. The first test was done on a man named Leonard Thompson in early 1922. It was a great success. The discovery of insulin, although not a cure, saves millions of diabetics a year and was the biggest medical invention of the 1920’s. (Discovery Of Insulin)

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Insulin for diabetes was discovered in 1921 at the University of Toronto by Sir Frederick G. Banting, Charles H. Best, and JJR Macleod. James B. Collip subsequently purified it, and one year later on January 11, it was put to use on a young 14 year old boy named Leonard Thompson; a patient at Toronto General Hospital. Once the substance was delivered, it was found that the extract was so pure that he suffered an allergic reaction, and further injections were cancelled. James Collip worked for the next 12 days on improving the ox-pancreas extract, and the second dose given to Thompson on January 23 was completely successful. Prior to this, a type 1 diabetic would be put on a starvation diet, or be limited to a calorie intake of around 450 calories per day, and would only live a few extra months. Leonard Thompson lived another 14 years, until 1935 when he died of pneumonia at the age of 28.

First and foremost, Dr. Frederick Banting was able to isolate insulin and use it to treat the metabolic disorder diabetes which has benefited Canada. As a result, numerous individuals have been able to receive treatment which has reduced the number of deaths. This decrease in mortalities has also lowered the number of debilitating conditions resulting from diabetes. In fact, the mortality rate for diabetes over the past forty-five years has dropped by over fifty percent (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). This decrease clearly indicates that the death rates for diabetes is gradually declining. This trend can be followed from the time insulin was discovered and has increased the prognosis and quality of life for many people. In addition, the number of diabetes cases in Canada has risen by almost thirty percent over the past twenty years (Public Health Agency of Canada 2). Although, the number of people living with diabetes is significantly

Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or use insulin. It is a precursor to numerous other diseases, which can quickly deteriorate patient’s health if

After reading the first half of chapter two, The Analytic Project, I was most interested in the section titled, The Discovery of Insulin. I furthered my research of this area after reading and was able to better understand insulin and why it was such an important discovery. With that being said, diabetes was the result of malfunctions of the pancreas. Before the discovery of insulin, diabetes was a disease that usually caused death, especially during the late nineteenth century. Many feared this disease, and according to A Philosophy of Science, A new Introduction, most people lost their life within a year of being diagnosed with the disease, even with the best treatment available at the time.

Diabetes Mellitus is not a new disease. It was first recognized in ancient Egypt around 1500 B.C.E. It was considered a rare condition in comparison to present times. In 1812, diabetes was acknowledged as a clinical disorder. However, its prevalence at the time was not well documented. During those time periods, diabetes was considered fatal (Polonsky, 2014). The most significant progress came with the discovery of insulin. In 1921, Frederick G. Banting, MD and then student assistant, Charles H. Best, made the discovery of insulin. This discovery led Dr. Banting to being

The development of insulin saved many lives throughout the 1920’s. Insulin allows your body to turn blood sugar into energy, and diabetes patients don’t have an important hormone called insulin. In fact, thousands of people had this issue. In the 1900’s, the only treatments for diabetes were starvation diets and very strict exercise program. Dr. Frederick Bating, the inventor of insulin, had spent a lot of his time studying the disease of diabetes. He thought if he could isolate insulin in animals, it would be possible to use it to treat people with diabetes. Later on his theory proved to be correct. Dr. Frederick Banting needed a lab to test his theory and work on it so he could have insulin mass produced and treat the disease of diabetes.

regulate glucose levels had artificially been altered (“The Discovery of Insulin”). The results were groundbreaking and the diabetic dogs responded well to the injections, marking a major step forward in diabetes research (“The Discovery of Insulin”). Through the help of Professor John Macleod of the University of Toronto, they were able to continue their research (“The Discovery of Insulin”). Finally, in January of 1922, testing Dr. Banting’s developments in diabetes treatment on human beings had finally been completed and the results led to the ultimate development of the insulin treatment that is still used to this day (Simoni, Hill and Vaughan 31).

In the documentary, A Pleasure Unwoven, Dr. McCauley explains that until over a hundred years ago doctors would usually try and treat the symptoms of a disease with poor outcomes and that most diabetics died in early childhood (2009). It was not until the famous work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch that doctors formulated what is known as the disease model (Lynch & Henifin, 1998). The disease model is a causal model and works as follows:

Banting graduated from medical school at the University of Toronto in 1916, and served at Granville Hospital in England for thirteen months before being sent to the front line as a battalion medical officer in 1918. Injured during the war, Banting convalesced in Britain, where he became a member of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the Royal College of Surgeons . In 1920, Banting was introduced to the idea of a therapy for diabetes while preparing a lecture on carbohydrate metabolism for his physiology students, he then found and read a relevant article, “The Relation of the Islets of Langerhans to Diabetes with Special Reference to Cases of Pancreatic Lithiasis,” by Moses Barron. He then had an idea that would unlock the dreaded diabetes disorder . Working at the University of Toronto laboratory in the very hot summer of 1921, Fred banting and Charles Best were able to make a pancreatic extract which had anti diabetic characteristics. They were successful in testing their extract on diabetic animals. Within months they put the entire work team to work on the production and purification of

The discovery of diabetes came way back in 1910 when English physiologist Albert Sharpey-Schafer made the discovery of a substance that would normally be produced in non-diabetics. That would be called insulin. In 1976 the first insulin pumps were created. In 1978 the portable insulin pump is created and researchers got normal blood glucose levels on a patient with the pump. In 1982 the FDA approved insulin produced by genetically altered bacteria.

Centuries later, we move to 11th Century, where diabetes was generally diagnosed by 'water tasters, ' who drank the urine of those associated with having diabetes. The urine of people with diabetes was claimed to be sweet-tasting. Since the Latin word for honey is, 'mellitus ', it is added to the term diabetes. Fast forwarding to the 16th Century, Paracelsus recognized diabetes as a genuine disorder. As doctors became more educated about diabetes, they started to comprehend that it could possibly be managed. The first diabetes treatment involved exercise, usually horseback riding. Physicians considered exercise to alleviate excessive urination. For years, no one knew how to live with diabetes, not to mention treat or cure it. Children with diabetes frequently died within days of onset and elders had to deal with devastating complications. Remedies range from herbs to bleeding. (Swidorski 2014) Dr. Daniel Oliver, amember of the Dartmouth faculty What 's more, Oliver recommended phlebotomy and prompting "rankles on the loins" as treatment

29.1 million people have diabetes in the US alone, and 371 million people in the world have diabetes. Before insulin was used to help fight diabetes, nearly everyone diagnosed with it died within a year. Then Sir Frederick Banting found that insulin helped keep people with diabetes alive for a lot longer. The upbring of this scientist, as well as his discoveries, have contributed to his popularity within the scientific community, as well as the world.

Diabetes has been out for thousands of years and still no cure. researchers and scientist have been searching and searching for ways to overcome this disease but nothing yet. Everyone goals are to either improve, prevent, or cure this disease. Diabetes became very known around the seventeenth century because of a high percentage of people was found with sugar in their urine and blood. Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases that affects our society worldwide. The average person in this world does not know anything about this disease. The diabetes association said “In 2013 the estimate of 328 million people had diabetes throughout the world”. Society today need to be aware of what we are up against with this disease.