Diabetes and Beta - Carotene

29 million people in the United States (9.3 percent) have diabetes, and of those 29 million approximately 7.25 million are unaware that they are diabetic (www.cdc.gov). Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases in which the person has high blood glucose because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body 's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both. Diabetes can be divided into two groups: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as juvenile diabetes and is usually found in children and young adults. Only 5% of people with diabetes have this form of the disease. Type 1 diabetes restricts the body from producing insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Type 1 diabetes can be managed by using insulin therapy and other treatments to help those infected maintain insulin to convert sugars, starches and foods into energy(www.diabetes.org). Type 2 diabetes is the most common, people with Type 2 diabetes have insulin resistance meaning the body does not use insulin properly. At first, the pancreas makes a surplus insulin to compensate for the lack on insulin in your body. However, over time your pancreas is not able to keep up and can not make enough insulin to keep your blood glucose at normal levels(www.diabetes.org). Complications of diabetes in the long term include potential heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder that causes impaired use of carbohydrates while enhancing the use of proteins and lipids. This is called insulin resistance, in which the pancreas cannot make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, or the body is unable to use what is produced. The impairment causes blood glucose level to rise higher than normal. There is no cure for type 2 diabetes mellitus and it is life threatening when left untreated. Signs and symptoms of this disorder include vision changes, increased thirst, increased hunger, increased frequency of urination, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting, erectile dysfunction, and absences of mentruation. These can occur abruptly, or over a long period of time.

An estimated sixteen- million people in the United States have diabetes. It is one of the leading causes of death of American citizens in the United States of America. Diabetes education is essential to understanding the disease and preventing its complications. A chronic, systemic disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat is called diabetes mellitus. It occurs when the beta cells within the pancreas fail to produce or secrete enough insulin. Diabetes also affects the vascular and nervous system of the body; it is important to understand how we metabolize food.The body is made up of millions of cells, and to function, these cells must create energy. When individuals consume food, it travels within

Diabetes mellitus is a permanent condition which alters the body's ability to take in glucose consumed in food. The most common types of diabetes are type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Both of these conditions exhibit similar characteristics; the patient’s body synthesizes the carbohydrates and sugars consumed into glucose, but the body cells cannot take in the sugar. The body uses glucose to fuel its cells, however, for this to happen it requires a hormone called insulin. This hormone facilitates the uptake and conversion of glucose into energy. Therefore, in the case of the body not producing, lacking enough, or failure to use insulin, the patient suffers diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes is a genetic condition, which begins in childhood thus the name juvenile-onset. In this condition, the body attacks its pancreas making it unable to produce insulin. This type of diabetes may lead to loss of eyesight or heart disease and stroke in extreme cases. Thus, it is vital for the patient to undergo treatment that involves taking in insulin. Type 2 diabetes accounts for 95% of all diagnosed cases in adults, initially, people referred it to as adult-onset diabetes. However, over time there has been a growth of overweight and obese kids

These types of statistics, portraying the growth of diabetes diagnoses, have driven researchers and physicians to find diets, medications, and preventive measures for the disease. In reviewing the medications that are used to treat diabetes, their sometimes-severe complications should be noted. What’s more, none of them speak to the actual, principal source of developing diabetes. Therefore, research on preventive measures and diets have become popular.

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic high blood sugar levels. It is caused by an absolute or functional deficiency of circulating insulin, resulting in an inability to transfer glucose from the bloodstream into tissues where it is needed as fuel (Ahmed, Laing and Yates 2011). The disruption in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins interferes with the secretion or action of insulin, which plays a vital role in the metabolism and utilization of energy from the nutrients especially carbohydrates. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and secreted in the gastrointestinal tract in the response to high blood sugar levels after ingestion of a substance (REFERENCE).

Used of lycopene have been studied extensively through epidemiological and biochemical investigations of its properties and its bioavailability. No adverse events have been reported in association with the consumption of lycopene-containing foods (Kalai, 2011). Lycopene is synthesized by plants and microorganisms, but not by animals. It is a red open-chain unsaturated carotenoid, acyclic isomer of beta-carotene, and longer than any other carotenoid. This highly unsaturated hydrocarbon contains 11 conjugated and 2 unconjugated double bonds, predisposing lycopene to isomerization and degradation upon exposure to light, excessive heat, and air (Lee and Chen, 2002; Yang et al.,2006).

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder that is growing in the population ranging from young children all the way to older adults, however, with more research we can begin to understand the background, history, symptoms, impact on the body, and cures and treatments of this horrific disease.

Everyone knows cancer is the second leading killer in the United States. As people, we try our best to adapt when we hear a loved one has cancer. The question, “Why?” or “How?” always seems to come across our minds when hearing the diagnosis. Learning these common causes and risk factors may reduce a person’s chances in getting cancer. The most common mainstream product sold to cause cancer is cigarettes. ”Dangerous chemicals are found in tobacco use such as nicotine, Benzene, and Menthol (wood alcohol). Radioactive materials are in the tobacco leaves used to make cigarettes and cigars. Studies have shown the connection between tobacco products and lung cancer. Did you know? Lung cancer is one of the most preventable diseases that exist.

Vitamin B12 shots have been a mainstream treatment for patients lacking in this vitamin. Intense destructive impacts of vitamin B12 lack can be disposed of or modified through vitamin B12 shots. An inclination for utilizing these shots is because of poor assimilation abilities of oral dosages when taken in huge

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) cannot be obtained from foods of plant origin, so the patient will be

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.

It has been demonstrated that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased the risk of certain malignancies (Tang et al., 2014). Therefore, fruits and vegetable phytochemicals can be considered as promising chemopreventive agents.

[1] Background According to Kimura and Sinha (2008), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable plants around the world, as it 's produced in disparate areas like south western America and Africa. It is also considered the second most abundant horticultural product after the potato. Perveen et al. (2015), stated that, currently, there are thirteen recognized wild tomato species which allows a great diversity in the phenotypes. The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important source for disparate essential compounds such as folic acid, carotenoids, and potassium. Due to its widely use; not only as a food but also as a perfect material which can be used in research to treat serious and devastating diseases as certain types of cancers (melanoma "skin cancer" and breast cancer), cardiovascular diseases and photo-aging (Liu et el., 2012). The use of it in such important researches returns to its anti-oxidant activity which arises from the carotenoids pigments it contains like alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lycopene (Dorais et el., 2008). Tomato contains a lot of compounds which have a high benefits for health, and also for its wonderful flavor which is used in our daily food as a flavor during cooking. The question here is what is the compound which plays an important role in all this benefits of carotenoids? The answer is lycopene. 1- Lycopene and its occurrence: Al-Amri (2013) clarified that, lycopene is one of the most abundant natural pigments

Diabetes is a systemic disease caused by a decrease in the secretion of insulin or reduced sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin by target tissue. (Beale, et al., 2011) The incidence of diabetes is growing rapidly in the United States and worldwide. An estimated 347 million people around the world are afflicted with diabetes. (Whalen, et al., 2012) According to World Health Organization (WHO), Diabetes prevalence among adults over 18 years of age has risen from 4.7% in 1980 to 8.5% in 2014. It is the major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attack, stroke and limbic amputation. World Health Organization (WHO) projects that diabetes will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. It is a complex and costly disease that can affect nearly every organ in the body and result in devastating consequences. The leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputations, renal failure, and blindness in working-age adults, diabetes is also a major cause of premature mortality, stroke, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and disability. (Cefalu, 2000) Insulin therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents have demonstrated improvement in glycaemic control. However, Insulin therapy has some disadvantages such as ineffectiveness following oral administration, short shelf life, of the need for constant refrigeration, and fatal hypoglycaemia, in the event of excess dosage.