Diabetic Mother

On today’s evaluation, she is 13 6/7 weeks and the crown-rump length measurement is concordant. The nuchal translucency measurement fell within the normal range. The nasal bone was identified, and there was normal ductus flow.

Signs and symptoms according to Medline Plus: mottling, excessive crying, irritability, excessive sucking, poor feeding, poor weight gain, hyperactive reflexes, trembling, increased muscle tone, raid breathing, vomiting, diarrhea, seizures, sleep problems

Most pregnancies progress with the mother being healthy, however in some cases problems do arise with the mother developing complications. This can in the form of gestational diabetes. Mothers who didn’t have diabetes prior to pregnancy exhibit high blood sugar levels, in most cases this is during the later stages of pregnancy, this could lead to pre-eclampsia and babies could be born with higher birth weights. If left unchecked mothers can develop type 2 diabetes post pregnancy.

During a pregnancy these increased hormones are made by the placenta, which is helping move nutrients from the mother to the baby, and also making hormones to prevent the mother from developing low blood sugar by stopping the actions of insulin (Seibel, 2009).” A pregnant woman’s pancreas is usually able to produce more insulin to overcome the effect of the pregnancy hormones; however, if for some reason a women’s pancreas cannot make up the difference the blood sugar levels will rise and gestational diabetes will occur.(Seibel, 2009)

After birth, a physical examination is conducted on the infant and with the help of a stethoscope, cardiac murmurs (i.e. extra or unusual sounds) can be heard, which indicate an underlying pathology. In order to determine the nature of the pathology, imaging studies such as a chest X-ray, cardiac MRI and echocardiograms may be done. Electrocardiograms are also of diagnostic value.

The neonatal hypoglycemia mechanism occurs when maternal diabetics’ mother gives birth to newborns. Glucose is the main nutrient source for newborns received in the maternal placenta. The symptoms of hypoglycemia are difficult to treat in newborns. If untreated, the hypoglycemia can lead to brain damage or seizures. The most common symptoms are coma, apathy, jitteriness, and inadequate feedings. Infants born with small gestational age (SGA) or large gestational age (LGA) can be susceptible to hypoglycemia. Maternal diabetics secrete extra insulin which causes neonates to have low blood glucose levels. Zhou et al conducted a study of 668 neonates who were admitted to the Pediatrics Center Hospital at Shanghai for hypoglycemia (Zhou et al, 2015). After being admitted, maternal diabetics were separated from neonates and inhibited from breastfeeding. Neonates with hypoglycemia were monitored on a regular basis on their blood glucose levels. Results show that 113 out of

• Your child's symptoms and a physical exam. The health care provider will listen to your baby's heart for unusual sounds.

In gestational diabetes, this type of diabetes develops in women only during pregnancy. When a woman is pregnant there are a surge of varied hormones that are produced. These hormones sometimes lead to a pregnant woman developing resistance to the insulin just like the other two types of diabetes. It also comes about because the body cannot use the insulin that is produced, effectively. This usually affects a woman in her second trimester and goes away after the birth of the baby. Developing GD can put a woman at risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in her life or developing GD with every pregnancy that follows. It can also lead to certain health problems in their children like childhood obesity or the risk of developing diabetes in later life.

Signs and symptoms usually occur during the first week of life. Cyanosis is the main signs of this disease. Cyanosis is defined as the appearance of blue or purple colouration on skin, lip and nails. It is caused by low amount of oxygen in the blood. Normally, TOF is diagnosed in the early stage of life. Babies develop bluish or purplish skin intermittently especially after crying or feeding due to sudden decrease of oxygen. These events are known as ‘Tet spell’. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, loss of consciousness, clubbing of fingers, may not gain sufficient weight, prolong crying and getting tired easily. Heart murmur can be heard because of abnormal blood flow through the heart. When the baby becomes cyanotic, lay the baby on a comfortable position and pull his or her knees up to the chest. This will increase the blood circulation to the lungs which will alleviate and relieve the

This is best done with a sonogram. Some conditions, such as gestational diabetes, may make the baby grow too large and allow too much amniotic fluid to form in the uterus. Left unmonitored, this excess amniotic fluid may cause an early delivery. A large baby may make it necessary to have additional fetal monitoring to ensure baby is still doing well. Sonograms can also monitor a baby's movements, their "practice breathing" and ensure the placenta and cord are still normal.

Symptoms may vary such as an abnormally small head size, seizures, delayed development, behavioral problems and psychiatric disorders are often common. They may have lighter

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an intolerance of glucose documented for the first time during pregnancy. It is usually a short-term type of diabetes and the most common health problem with pregnant women. GBM is caused by the way the hormones in pregnancy affect the mother. GDM accounts for 5-7% of all pregnancies (American Diabetes Association, 2010). During pregnancy the placenta develops and becomes the main bond between the mother and the baby. It is used to make sure the baby has and gets enough nutrients. The placenta makes several hormones which make it hard for insulin to control blood glucose and block the action of the mother’s insulin in her body (American Diabetes Association, 2010). Hormonal changes during the

Gestational diabetes is a disease that affects pregnant women it’s a glucose intolerance that is started or diagnosed during pregnancy. Based on recently announced diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association, it is estimated that gestational diabetes affects 18% of pregnancies. Pregnancy hormones can block insulin therefore causing the glucose levels to increase in a pregnant woman’s blood. Gestational diabetes starts when your body is not able to make and use all the insulin it needs for pregnancy (American Diabetes Association). Without enough insulin, glucose cannot leave the blood and be changed to

Almost everyone knows someone who has diabetes. Studies show that diabetes affects 23.6 million people-7.8 percent of the U.S. population. Being diagnosed with diabetes may cause changes in some people’s lives. You can never just look at a diabetic and understand the things that they go through on a daily basis. A question you may ask yourself is, “What is the life of a diabetic like?”

These tests each do something different and can be performed at different periods of the pregnancy. Amniocentesis tests can be done fifteen to twenty weeks during pregnancy and will remove some amniotic fluid from the mother. This fluid will be tested for chemical indicators or used to create a karyotype. An ultrasound is done a couple times during a pregnancy and looks for major structural issues. Also, the fetus can be looked at during a fetoscopy where a fiber optic scope is inserted into the uterus to examine the fetus. The last test is Chorionic Villus Sampling. This test can be performed between eight and ten weeks where tissue from the placenta is removed and the parents will receive results faster than most tests. These tests can help parents discover that their child may be in danger due to a genetic disease. This could give a heads up to parents and look farther into the disease and its consequences,