Diagnosis And Management Of Depressive Disorder Essay

Millions of Americans suffer from clinical depression each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2017), 322 million people are affected by depression around the world. Concerning industrialized Western world countries, it remains as the number one psychological disorder affecting its population (WHO, 2017). Most clinicians begin primarily with prescribing either pharmacologic or psychotherapy interventions. With billions of dollars spent in revue on treating depression (Chisholm, Sweeny, and Sheehan, 2016), exercise used as treatment in reaction to mental illness is often overlooked by mainstream health care professionals. However, it has been proved by recent research exercise acts as both a preventive and reactive

d. A nurse gives a PRN dose of an antipsychotic drug to a patient to prevent violent acting out because

Psychotic depression occurs when a depressive illness also includes hallucinations, delusions or the patient feeling removed from reality. Psychotic depression affects approximately one in four people admitted to the hospital for depression.

The diagnostic validity of PHQ-9 has also been reviewed in another study by reviewing the data collected from 3000 patients. The analysis of the data showed good sensitivity (80%) and high specificity (92%) for PHQ-9 for diagnosis of major depression in the primary care clinics (Inoue et al., 2012). The high sensitivity data explains that PHQ-9 has acceptable screening accuracy for major depression because it correctly identified people with major depression. Additionally, a high specificity data confirms that the number of people who were correctly screened as not having depression was low.

In 2016 the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended that screening be completed within the general population for depression assessment. While the frequency of the screening was not specified, it was made clear that screening should be implemented with adequate systems in place to ensure diagnosis, treatment, and appropriate follow-up (Siu, Bibbins-Domingo, Grossman, Baumann, Davidson, Ebell & Krist, 2016). Of the available screening tools, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) is the most frequently used, and somewhat more accurate screening tool than the other screening tools available. A score greater than 10 would indicate a possible depressive disorder, in a scale of 0-27. The PHQ-9 includes questions about depressive symptoms impairing function, which is a key criteria in order to establish a DSM-based diagnosis of depression, and the PHQ-9 can be used to monitor response to treatment (Manea, Gilbody, & McMillan, 2015). A shortened version of the PHQ 9 is available and called PHQ2, this abbreviated version is

This is a 38-year-old female with a 1/10/2013 date of injury. A specific mechanism of injury has not been described.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence rate; it affects more than 16.1 million American adults of the US population aged 18 years or older (Anxiety and Depression Association of America [ADAA], 2017). MDD is more common in women than in men and can develop at any age (Kessler, Berglund, & Demler, 2003). Major depressive disorder is defined as a mental disorder that is characterized by a general low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of pleasure in normal daily activities (World Health Organization [WHO], 2010). The diagnosis of MDD needs a distinct

What is major depressive disorder? Major depressive disorder is a psychiatric disorder documented in the DSM. Major depressive disorder interferes with an individual's normal functioning in everyday life and causes pain to the person with this disorder and to those close to the person. Individuals with major depressive disorder cannot just "pull themselves out" of this depression on their own and the symptoms accompanied with this disorder can last for weeks, months, and even years (Butcher, Mineka, and Hooley, 2013, p. 221-22). Recognizing the symptoms is critical because most people need treatment to get better.

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

In Exploring Psychology, Myers states that “depression is one of two disorders found worldwide” (521). On account of this fact, research and treatment of depression is widely studied. One of the biggest questions one must ask when it comes to treatment of depression, though, is what will actually benefit a person? The most popular ways to treat depression are cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy; both are very different, but may have similar effects.

On the other hand, the second standardized questionnaire that the researchers used is PHQ-9. The PHQ-9 sets the criteria for diagnosis of depressive disorder and the severity. (Kroenke & Spitzer, 2002). This questionnaire uses a scale system of 0 to 3 wherein 0 is for never and 3 is every day. A diagnosis of major depression is made if five or more of the criteria set are present at least more than half of the days in two weeks and if symptoms such as anhedonia or depressed mood are present. Minor depression can diagnosed if two to four criteria are present, including depressed mood and

I, Peter McJessy, have been struggling with dramatic changes in my mood and behavior. I noticed these changes beginning sometime in August of this year, and they are present now in late October. I suspect that I am struggling with depression, irritability, and insomnia. These mood changes have affected my relationship with my wife, Nicole, and our two daughters, as well as my job performance at Hardy Incorporated. In the following email letter written while I was on vacation at Davis, North Carolina, I apologize to Nicole for my seemingly uncontrollable negative attitude, while attempting to understand my situation.

Mental disorders are becoming more prevalent in today's society as people add stress and pressure to their daily lives. The elderly population is not eliminated as a candidate for a disorder just because they may be retired. In fact, mental disorders affect 1 in 5 elderly people. One would think that with disorders being rather prevalent in this age group that there would be an abundance of treatment programs, but this is not the case. Because the diagnosis of an individual's mental state is subjective in nature, many troubled people go untreated regularly (summer 1998). Depression in the elderly population is a common occurrence, yet the diagnosis and treatment seem to slip

Depression has been a part of our lives for as long as humans have been on the earth. Everyone has had days when nothing was going right. But it all depends with an individual how to handled this adversity and how depressed that person becomes.

Depression have become a major problem in our society today. People who haven’t experience depression will not understand how it feel and what it can do to a person. Many people also doesn’t understand what depression is, or how it can related to suicidal ideation. In fact, studies have documented that the majority of young suicide victims had depression at the time of death and most suicide survivors were diagnosed with symptoms of clinical depression at the time of their attempt (Mojs, Biederman, Głowacka, Strzelecki, Ziemska, Samborski 2015). It can affect anyone, from young adolescents to college students to the elderly people. There are many reasons that can make someone have major depression. Such as financial problems, family problems, social problems, school, work, etc. These stressors in our daily life can cause anxiety which can increase our stress level significantly, which then can lead to depression. A research said that anxiety disorder have a high comorbidity with depression and that anxiety occur prior to the onset of depressive disorders in many individuals (Batterham, Christensen, Calear 2013). People who experience depression must find way to cope with depression and know how to get help in order to prevent suicidal ideation. The people surroundings, friends and family, must also find ways to recognize the symptoms of depression, and show understandings in order to help those suffering. This research project will help people understand more about