Diagnostic Reasoning : A Case Analysis Of Acute Stress Disorder

The medical model focuses on the molecular structure of drugs and indicators of mental or emotional disorders. However, the medical model is not effective treating mental and emotional disorders. The medical model indicts the notion that abnormal behavior is the product of physical problems and be treated medically. The medical model depends upon independent tests to demonstrate or contradict if a patient is ill. The psychological model uses tests to demonstrate or contradict whether a patient is ill. It is at this point of agreement that the two models separate. A restriction to the psychological model is if a patient that is unconscious, or their communication ability is compromised to the degree that they are

The episode of the Jim portrayed in the case falls in the dimension of Axis II. The present edition of DSM-IV published in 1994, offers virtually 400 disorders (Crowe, 2000). The advantage of this is that it enhances diagnostic impartiality by adding decision trees demarcating significant characteristics of disorders, which makes clinicians by collections of questions concerning the presence or the absence of the symptoms. The present DSM-IV manual comprises of extensive anthology of information organized into portions for easier reference (Purse, 2009). The first section encompasses instructions on the way to use the tools contained in the DSM-IV, while following section contains comprehensive classification systems catalog of the official codes for each single diagnosis. The fourth section comprises of the manual detailing the diagnostic criteria accompanied by a description for each disorder. Despite the advantages highlighted above, there are some disadvantages in the manual compilation. First, the DSM-IV compilation lacks the exactitude in diagnostic criterion to evidently, differentiate one diagnosis from the other as well as the distinguishing mental disorder, from the situation, such as mental distress. DSM is not visibly clear on how experiences and behaviors cited within the diagnostic criterion justifiably can consider as substantiation of mental disorder as distinctive from rejoinders to life events (Crowe,

1. Review and analyze the laboratory data. What diagnosis is supported by these values? Give your rationale.

The goal of this course is to provide students with an overview of topics related to abnormal psychology. The primary emphasis of this course will be on classification of psychopathology and the symptoms associated with different syndromes.

Being able to form a diagnosis properly for a client is a process that is wide-ranging and broad. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) supports recommendations and standards for identifying a diagnosis for a client. The procedure of diagnosing is more than skimming for symptoms in the DSM; one must assess, interview and identify issues, as well as refer to the DSM for a diagnosis.

The model begins with the traumatic event which leads to the broken part of the individual who then experiences behavioral symptoms which are measured at time one and time two. Time one represents the stress reactions and time two is the manifestation of the disorder. The medical model is a single factor, main effect cause. A stressful event involves one experiencing or witnessing a serious injury, threatened death or threat to physical integrity. Another cause is changes in parts of the brain such as the amygdala and hippocampus. These causes lead to various emotional and behavioral symptoms such as disturbing thoughts, marital issues, unemployment, depressive symptomatology, diet & sleep problems, numbing, and distancing. The criteria for outcomes are direct effects, stress reactions and the dose-response relationship. A direct effect is a direct read-out of the traumatic stressor into the person’s ethological behavior between time one and two. The dose-response relationship is the dose of the trauma its relationship to the individual. The risks of the symptoms involve a robust immediate reaction and long term outcome. [Mechanism of the medical model is a continuing cause, which is the sufficiency claim.] Measuring PTSD involves three clusters of trauma which are re-experience, avoidance or hyperarousal of the traumatic condition. Victims would provide a self-report of the event. To help intervene with PTSD, there are secondary and tertiary treatments. A form of secondary treatment is a debrief of the person’s stress and exposure therapy and pharmaceutical drugs are tertiary.

Do you think there are any additional disorders here?  What evidence is there for this additional disorder? If you do not think there is an additional diagnosis, explain why no other disorder is needed to explain the patient’s behaviors. (3 points)

The diagnostic process for personality disorders currently covers a broad scope of various tests and symptoms, causing a source of frustration for psychiatrists (Aldhous). The symptoms and side effects of several personality disorders can tend to blur together, making diagnosis challenging (Aldhous). Most psychiatric patients are diagnosed with several personality disorders at once, with twenty percent of people with personality disorders simply diagnosed with a “personality disorder not otherwise specified” (Aldhous). Using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, commonly referred to as the DSM, psychiatrists attempt with great difficulty to categorize their patients into a specific disorder, only to diagnose

Some issues of reliability and validity of the systems is that they only hold the knowledge that we hold based on psychological description of disorders. Most psychiatric disorders are based on recognised clusters of symptoms and so to classify behaviour without any biological evidence may not be an objective process and may make both systems unreliable. They are valid in the sense that they hold the information that is widespread knowledge about psychological disorders and are useful in recognising conditions. However, many conditions such as schizophrenia have speculation on the causation of symptoms and so the systems only have as much knowledge as we do and do not not include guidance or ability to show markers of condition through biological tests.

List the primary diagnosis and three differential diagnoses for this patient. Explain your reasoning for

CR started in the 1970; it all began with two research groups that wanted to “understand clinical problem solving” (Norman, 2005) and how clinicians and students came to the conclusion or “clinical diagnosis”. It was thought that there might be some general

Abnormal behaviors are extremely complex disorders which psychologists have been trying to explain for many years. Over time, there has been many theories and perspective created in order to help explain these phenomenon’s. Many of the perspectives discussed in our chapter 2 reading attributed these behaviors to a singular factor and while certain perspective may work for a certain person, they cannot be applied to all. Even when two people suffer from the same disorder, their symptoms, situations and underlining cause are often very different.

Due to the complexities of the health care system, it is important for nurses to cultivate developmental cognitive skills, moreover, increase practical performance, as well as keep up with the latest technological advances (Carvalho, Kumakura, & Morias, 2017). In addition, clinical reasoning in nursing is crucial to deliver safe and efficient care. However, the progression to think rationally, more importantly, use informative strategies to understand appropriate decision making requires a well-defined practicum for staff to acquire needed skills to think critically (Gubrud, 2016). Furthermore, in order to promote sound clinical reasoning for the nursing staff in a rehab setting, an interactive competency training optimized in clicker questions

You suspect that your patient may have lung cancer (provide a minimum of 1 reference)? (5 marks)

Based on psychosocial history, behavioral observations, and assessment data, the following diagnosis should be considered…