Diaphragm Spasm Case

Due to Allen’s fall he likely has an incompetent diaphragm due to injuring a cervical segment. This would alter effect the lower motor neurons and external intercostal muscles. This would

shortness of breath. Pain improved with sublingual Nitroglycerine and Aspirin given by EMS. On arrival to ED his blood pressure was 154/94, HR 70 bpm, RR 19 and SpO2 98% in room air. Heart, lung, abdominal and neurological examinations were unremarkable.

A condition named the Second Impact Syndrome was identified in 1973. The condition was said to occur when an athlete receives a concussion while still suffering from a previous one. In 2013, the Journal of Neurosurgery stated that this condition carried a 90% mortality rate (“A Timeline of Concussion Science and NFL Denial”).

These three incidents of sports illustrates that injuries can be unpleasant in any sports given and athletes have great amount of risks while they continue their game in the field, in order to amuse their viewers (Bird 91). Apart from the examples mentioned above, there are several small and large accidents that have occurred in the past and they have made the life of sportsmen bitter and even their future uncertain, with respect to their ability to work.

What’s worse, is the incidence of Second Impact Syndrome, a condition in which the brain swells, shutting down the brainstem and resulting in respiratory failure. Second Impact Syndrome is an immediate concern.

Jonathan continued to play football and no one noticed his impairments, the next game he played in, he was struck in a head on collision. Jonathon could not get up and stayed on the field waiting for help. He was very confused and dizzy and could not recall what happened. This caused him to develop second impact syndrome, which is a result of having multiple brain injuries before the chance of healing. Jonathan now has very severe brain injuries because he continued to play football with an injury instead of undergoing the healing process.

He sustained a concussion, and still to this day, he suffers headaches, memory problems, and so much more. In the video, “Concussion Hazards in Youth Football”, the video shows how the brain is affected when a concussion occurs. Also, it presents another victim of separate concussions, but shows how he didn’t know what concussions really did to him. In the last source, “How Many G’s?”, an infographic shows the real dangers of a football hit, when compared to a heavyweight boxers punch, and the force from a roller coaster on the body! All three sources represent the fact that football is one of the most dangerous sports out there, mainly influencing students to hit each other. Football can ruin someone’s life, affect your brain, and the worst part is, you might not even know

Mr BW was a 74-year-old man who had a fall due to a new onset of seizures, which resulted, to a direct impact of his head on the ground while at home. While at the hospital, MR BW underwent a CT and MRI brain scan and showed a haematoma, which resulted to commencing of the patient on Keppra and Bezodiapenes. Moreover, Mr BW also developed a sudden onset of pleuretic chest pain, which was confirmed by CTPA as a small pleural effusion on the left lungs; while there was also pulmonary embolism on both upper and lower lobes of the left lung. Due to the development of a provoked pulmonary embolism, patient commenced on Clexane injection. In September 2015, an elective open abdominoperineal resection was performed on Mr BW, which resulted to prolonged stay in the hospital due to delayed wound healing.

In February 2013, a forty-eight years old male with no prior co-morbidities transferred from Quetta to Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi after sustaining multiple lacerations and left tibia bone closed fracture in a bomb blast. After initial management in the hospital, he underwent an orthopedic procedure (application of illiazarov over left tibia) under general anaesthesia. The surgery went uneventful, and he then shifted to ward. From next day morning, he suddenly developed dyspnea and became hypotensive and tachycardiac (respiratory rate about 40/min, pulse 140 beats per min and blood pressures were around 60/30). He was barely maintaining oxygen saturation 90% on 10 liters of O2 via facemask. Initially, he was given 2 liters of fluid bolus but hemodynamics did not respond. A few minutes later, he went into pulseless electrical activity and

Mr. S was driving when he experience a stabbing chest and back pain for the first time. The pain was so severe he immediately went to his local ER. Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion (VQ) scan and Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was done at his local ER. VQ scan was negative for pulmonary embolism (PE). CTA of the chest revealed

Participant 1 (PAR1, AFSAS Person 1) was playing softball when he attempted to slide into a base; PAR1 was then hit in the back of the head resulting a concussion/7 LWDS.

This is a 52-year-old male with a 9/24/2014 date of injury. A specific mechanism of injury has not been described.

"Second-Impact Syndrome." Clinics in Sports Medicine 17.1 (1998): 37-44. ScienceDirect. Database. 21 Oct 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-5919 (05)70059-4

DOI: 12/5/2013. The patient is a 57-year-old female precertification technician who sustained a work-related injury to her head, neck, lumbar spine, and right knee after slipping and falling on icy sidewalk. As per OMNI entry, she was diagnosed with head/scalp injury, status post concussion, cervical strain, headaches, and right knee medial meniscal tear status post surgery on 06/04/2014.

We also re-attached him to his oxygen in the wall, plugged his pulse oximeter and blood pressure cuff back in. He did not have anyone with him but his son was called and was on his way. He asked for a drink of water and after verifying with his nurse that it was ok we gave him a drink of water and left his room. I was later able to look up the results of the x-ray series and the diagnosis was no evidence of displaced rib fracture, pneumothorax or hemothorax; A normal rib series. The chest x-ray report showed he has cardiomegaly and diffuse bilateral pulmonary opacities compatible with only edema and congestive heart failure. Pneumonia could not be