Dichaete Genetic Mutations In Fruit Flies

To set up this experiment, two twenty-five gallon aquariums, 3 petri-dishes, 200 flies, rotten bananas, and yeast were used. The bananas chosen to be an accelerant for the growth of the yeast and were frozen so they would be easier to cut. The yeast was used because the drosophila melanogaster prefer this as a food source.  The vestigial and wild type flies were sexed (to determine their sex), sorted, and counted.  An initial population size of 100 total flies was decided so that it would be easier to determine the phenotypic percentage of the total population. Fly paper was placed in one of the sets of cages to impose a method of natural selection as well as the sexual selection which is being solely tested by the other set of cages.

Drosophila Melanogaster, commonly known as fruit flies, are highly important model organisms in pertaining to biological research. The logic behind their recurrent use is due to their: easy culture in the laboratory, brief generation time, and ability to produce large numbers of offspring. In this report, we created isolated virgin D. Melanogaster from the original three populations we were given and then created crosses between them. Upon observation, we noticed an unusual mutant that arose from two of the three created crosses. We suspected that this genetic mutation had previously been discovered and named.

The main purpose of this lab was to utilize the infamous Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation to predict the evolutionary modifications a certain species (Drosophila melanogaster) displayed throughout different generations. For this experiment to be carried out, Drosophila melanogaster, also known as fruit flies, were used to visually represent evolutionary conceptions such as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation. At the beginning of the experiment, the parent generation was observed first. Throughout the course of seven weeks, the vial was analyzed for certain changes between the two populations of Drosophila melanogaster; wild type and ebony. Although the genotypes could not be figured out, the flies were evaluated and observed based on

“The cellular machinery that copies DNA sometimes makes mistakes,” there are about 37.5 trillion cells in the human body, and their job is to make copies of DNA, yet sometimes the cells make a mistake and either switch, remove, or add a gene. This does not occur often, so when it does these mistakes are called mutations. Another reason that signifies why mutations are unusual is because mutations are mostly recessive traits. In an online article, Fruit Fly Phenotypes it informs us about fruit flies and some of the mutations, “This mutation is a recessive trait, meaning that the fly won't express the gene unless it gets it from both parents.” In other words some mutations are recessive traits meaning both parents must have the trait for the offspring to have the mutation as well. According to a lab, Genetic Variation in Monsters, “Recessive traits only show up if dominant traits are absent and are represented by a lowercase letter. Dominant traits show up in the offspring whenever present.” This is an explanation of what recessive and dominant traits are, in quotes it says that dominant trait are found anywhere where at least

It would be expected that the mutant F1 flies would be heterozygous for the allele responsible for the grounded trait. If two F1 flies were mated, the percentage of flies that would be expected to be wildtype in the F2 generation would be 25% mutants given that the mutant allele (ap) is predicted to be recessive and, leaving 75% to be wildtype (ap+).

Bayer, C.A., Halsell, S.R., Fristrom, J.W., Kiehart, D.P., von Kalm, L. (2003). Genetic interactions between the RhoA and Stubble-stubbloid loci suggest a role for a type II transmembrane serine protease in intracellular signaling during Drosophila imaginal disc morphogenesis. Genetics 165(3): 1417--1432.

The Drosophila melanogaster is one of genetics most studied organisms. This is due to the Drosophila melanogaster being an excellent model organism. The Drosophila melanogaster has a short lifespan and is genetically similar to humans (Adams 2000). This experiment had three major goals. The first goal of this experiment was to determine which eye colors, body colors and wing type are dominant or recessive. The second goal was to determine if the gene for eye colors, body colors and wing type are on an autosomal or a sex chromosome. The third goal was to determine if eye colors, body colors and wing type are physically linked or independently assorting (Morris and Cahoon). First

Genes can either be sex-linked or autosomal. If a gene appears mostly in one sex chances are the gene is sex-linked and if it appears frequently in both sexes it is most likely autosomal. Using Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the fruit fly, we will determine whether the gene is sex-linked or autosomal. Drosophila melanogasters have a relatively short life span and are an excellent organism for genetic studies because it has simple food requirements, occupies little space, is hardy, completes its life cycle in about 12 days at room temperature, produces large numbers of offspring, can be immobilized readily for examination and

In this experiment we bred drosophila with unknown genotypes, which are the actual genes of an organism, to see what the phenotype of their offspring would be. Introduction: T. H. Morgan was a geneticist who worked in the early part of the twentieth century. He was the first to use fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism in genetic studies. He developed a name for himself that way and the science world wouldn’t be the same with out his discovery.

Drosophila Melanogaster is a fruit fly that is commonly used for genetic studies (reference 2). It is an excellent organism for genetic studies because it is small, inexpensive and easy to culture. It occupies little space, and requires simple food (reference 3). Also, it completes its life cycle in about 10-14 days at 25ºC and It produces large numbers of offspring (reference 3).Moreover, it has abundance of heredity variations, and it has a small number of chromosomes which are easily located in the large salivary gland cells (reference 3).There are four important stages in a Drosophila's life cycle consist of the egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Both Drosophila male and female have noticeable features that distinguish them apart.

In this experiment we tested to see what the offspring of an unknown cross of an F1 generation would produce. After observing the F2 generation and recording the data we found some of the Drosophila showed mutations, two in particular. The mutations were the apterus wings, and sepia eyes. After collecting our data through observation, a Chi-test was conducted resulting in a Chi-value of 5.1 and a p-value of .2. Since the p-value was greater than 0.05, there was no significant change in the data. This proved that the Drosophila flies still followed the Mendelian genetics of a 9:3:3:1 ratio.

Fruit Flies were observed throughout most of the experiment. Observing the sex differences between male and female under the microscope help identify the phenotypes as well. For example, it was possible to see if the fruit flies were female or male wildtype, vestigial, white-eye and white eye vestigial. The observations to distinguish female or male fruit flies is that males fruit flies have sex combs on front of their legs. Another observation that can be distinguish between male and female fruit flies is that males have a darker ventral posterior section in the abdomen. Female fruit flies is just plain nothing showing. And lastly, another observation that is used to distinguished between male and females fruit flies is the size. It is considered

The Beadex gene can go through epistasis which would in this case effect the development of the mutant’s wing. It was discovered that Beadex is a gene that is regulatory by checking for the second site mutations that would enhance the Beadex phenotype or overwhelm the gene. Two genes that are able to perform this action are Chip and apterous, each of which plays a big role in development (Hari 2008). These genes were also discovered independently while scientists were looking for genes that can single handedly alter a wing’s mutation. The Beadex protein is very complex and has two LIM domains which are connected to other

Dorsoplilia Melanogaster, or fruit fly, is a small insect that survives and reproduces on rotten fruit. Scientists have been studying Dorsophilia for hundreds of years now, due to its abundance and the simplicity of breeding and maintaining a large population. Because of this, scientists have been able to observe closely their genetics. Many generations can be produced quickly for observation since the life span of Dorsophilia is about months and a population can easily be sustained on just fruit. It was discovered that “Humans have more genes than flies but about the same number of gene families.” This relation shows just how similar human genes are to a flies’, which explains why they are the perfect models to explain certain genetic diseases found in humans, like

British population geneticist, Professor John Brookfield, lectures about Evolutionary genetics at the University of Nottingham. Professor John Brookfield is well known with his interest in the process of genome evolution, the evolution of DNA sequences that control development in the Drosophila, better known as fruit flies, and the evolution of transposable elements. Genome evolution is characterized upon the accumulation of changes it goes through. Various fields analysis genomes and all their changes like sequences and/or size over time. Genome evolution involves different mechanisms, such as genes, genome duplication, polyploidy, mutation rates, transposable elements, pseudogenes, exon shuffling, genomic reduction, and gene loss. The evolution