Diels Alder Reaction Lab Report

In this lab we used a bunsen burner to heat our chemicals and create a chemical reaction.

Side reactions are reactions that compete with one another that produce unwanted products. One of the competing reactions with the Grignard reaction was the Grignard reagent reacting with oxygen to form peroxide which is very reactive. The second most electronegative element is oxygen. The second competing reaction was the Grignard reagent reacting with carbon dioxide to form a carboxylic acid. The carbon dioxide contains an electrophilic carbon. The products from these two side reactions that are problematic but are not important because there is a very finite amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide that is dissolved in the solvent. If performing the experiment without air completely, then oxygen and carbon dioxide would be eliminated. The third competing reaction is when the Grignard reagent reacts with a halide to form a C-C bond that is not needed.

1. Enzymes are protein molecules that act as catalysts in chemical reactions. These protein catalysts will speed up biochemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

The objective in this experiment was to test the rate of oxygen production with different temperatures.

The smaller the pieces of a solid is, the quicker the reactant react. It is normal that a powdered solid will develop a faster reaction than the mass being the same amount but is presented as a large chunk. The solid that was in a powder form has a greater surface than the solid that was presented as a large chunk. An example of this theory is with the powder reacting to gas, it would be easier for the gas to penetrate its way through the little particles of the powder. If the object was in a chunk, it would take a really long time for gas to penetrate through the object or it may not even penetrate it. As predicted, the powdered solution dissolved faster than the rest as there was less surface area for it to react on. Having a small surface

In this experiment, we alkylated P-dimethoxybenzene using tert-butanol and sulfuric acid in order to find the major product of the reaction. Through this experiment, we obtained about 390.2 mg product which equates to about 88.85 percent yield. This yield is very high, even in comparison to alkylations conducted by other undergraduate students such as Jonathan Melville who had a yield of 62% (1). Furthermore, the melting range was 76-85°C, differing from the reference melting point of 102-104°C by almost 20 degrees. Moreover, this melting range is very broad indicating that the product is not pure and these purities could likely lower the melting range.

Carbon-Carbon bonding reactions in chemistry are important because they allow the diversity and generation of larger molecules. Aldol additions and Grignard reactions are few of many well understood methods for generating carbon-bonds bonds.1 The products of aldol additions are formed from ketone and aldehyde groups under acid or basic conditions. Catalyzed by these conditions the ketones undergo tautomerization between keto-enol forms, the enolate reacting with a neighboring aldehyde. The new bond is created between the alpha carbon of ketone and electrophilic center of the aldehyde by electrophilic addition.

The synthesis of alkyl halides from alcohol is the basis for this experiment, providing reactions with interesting contrast in mechanisms. Not only synthesizing, but extracting is another important procedure that involves quick actions and judgement, when removing unnecessary layers in a separatory funnel. This allows us to learn and grasp more of an understanding between organic compounds in the laboratory.

In this experiment we sought to produce cis-Norbornene- 5,6- endo- dicarboxylic Anhydride from a diels- alder reaction between Cyclopentadiene and maleic

2.2.6.1 Synthesis of the intermediate compounds 1 (a-c) 2.2.6.1.1 Synthesis of the intermediate compound 1-a 2.85 mL (0.050 mol) of prop-2-en-1-amine mixed with 100 mL of ethanol was added to 13.85 g (0.050 mol) of 4-bromo-1, 8-naphthalimide (obtained from commercial supplier) dissolved in 150 mL of ethanol. The reaction mixture was subjected to reflux in a water bath for 4–5 h with the temperature maintained at 60 oC. The progress of the reaction was monitored at an hour interval by TLC using a mixture of petroleum ether and dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) as the eluent. After the complete reaction has been ensured, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool down to room temperature. The product was then collected by suction filtration, washed with

Temperature in the boundaries of 0° to 40°C cause the enzyme and its substrates to clash, therefore also affecting the binding. Enzyme denaturation occurs in high temperatures making the enzyme completely inactive. All elements that affect binding observable affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Some of the elements will be studied during this experiment. Temperature affects the reaction rate of enzymes, as do pH, substrate concentration and enzyme concentration. Enzymes when at low temperatures

Dienes can be synthesised from aldehydes and ketones using the Wittig reaction. The Wittig reaction facilitates the synthesis of new carbon-carbon double bonds at specific locations in aldehydes and ketones (Bernard & Ford, 1983). The overall reaction mechanism is shown in Figure 1.

While ketones and aldehydes can form reversible imine adducts with many amines found in biological systems, this process is thermodynamically unfavourable in water.

First, we prepared a 500 mM Sodium Chloride solution to acquire 100ml. Importantly we dissolved this in an Alga-Gro solution instead of water. Next, we began to design our control tubes. We had

This report describes the attempt at preparing cyclohexene via a dehydration reaction of cyclohexanol. The reaction must proceed under acidic conditions for the alcohol group on the starting material to become protonated; if not protonated, it is a bad leaving group, but once it has been protonated to become -H2O+, it can readily depart. After this step, a base must be present to complete the elimination reaction by removing a proton from the carbocation intermediate and thus enacting the formation of a double bond. This base must be a bad nucleophile so that a substitution reaction instead of the desired elimination does not take place, and it should be strong enough to accomplish this step. The first criteria can be taken care of by using H2SO4 as the acid that protonates the leaving group, as HSO4- is a poor nucleophile, especially as compared to the conjugate base of HCl which was used to accomplish the substitution reaction earlier this semester; however it is also a weak base, so water must be included in the reaction to accomplish the elimination, as it is much more effective at deprotonating the carbocation.