Question (3)
A) What is Aggregate Demand?
Aggregate demand is the total amount that all consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreigners spend on final goods and services.
Aggregate demand is represented by the aggregate-demand curve, and it describes the relationship between price levels and the quantity of output that firms are willing to provide. Aggregate demand is not a fixed number because it depends on the price level.
The relationship between aggregate demand and the price level normally is a negative relationship, which creates a downward-sloping aggregate demand curve.
B) Develop a model showing the importance and effects of Aggregate Demand on the overall economy.
The model is aggregate supply/ aggregate demand
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It stimulates the aggregate demand and thereby increases overall economic activities and growth. Fiscal policy, as it will be explained below, could affect the whole economy through affecting the aggregate demand. For example, increasing government spending lead to increase the aggregate demand and thereby boost the entire economy (more details about this example and how the expansionary and contractionary fiscal policy could affect aggregate demand and thereby affect the overall economy are in the answers of sections d and e)
C) What is Fiscal Policy? What are the goals of Fiscal Policy? What are the tools of Fiscal Policy?
Fiscal policy is the government’s plan for spending and taxation (which in the United States is set by the Federal Reserve). Fiscal policy is helping to steer aggregate demand in the desired direction of the economy because the increasing or decreasing in spending and taxes levels influences the economy. Thus, the main goals of this policy are to help the government to manage inflation, employment and the flow of money through the economic system.
There are two main tools of fiscal policy, taxes and spending. Taxes affect the economy by determining the total money that the government has to spend and how much money each person has to spend. Secondly, government spending as a tool for fiscal policy can be used to drive government money to certain sectors that need an economic boost. These sectors who receives those dollars
The economy can be impacted by the U.S.government through two major types of economic policy. The first type is called fiscal policy, which is economic policy instigated by the President or by Congress. The fundamental tools at the disposal of these branches of government are taxation law and government spending. By changing tax laws, the government can effectively affect my personal finance by modifying the amount of disposable
Another form of macroeconomic policy is fiscal policy, which involves the use of the Commonwealth Government’s budget in order to achieve the Government economic objectives. By varying the amount of government spending and revenue, the government can effectively alter the level of economic activity, which in turn will influence economic growth, inflation, unemployment and the external indicators of the economy.
What is Fiscal Policy?“It refers to the central government's policy on lowering or raising taxes or increasing or decreasing public expenditure in order to stimulate or depress aggregate demand”(Bloomsbury Business Library). This means the ability
Aggregate demand is a schedule or curve that shows the total quantity of goods and services demanded at different price levels. Aggregate supply is a schedule or curve that shows the total quantity of goods and services produced at different price levels.
The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.
The fiscal policy is when the government changes its spending level and tax rates to monitor and influence their economy. The government will need to increase tax revenues to fund expenditure by increasing taxation by adjusting the income tax level.
Taxation, the amount of money we pay every year and of course the government is a big spender has a lot of assets at its disposal to influence the economy. The government is a very large entity and controls a lot of money. Fiscal policy is more effective when trying to stimulate the economic growth rather than trying to slow down an economy that is overheating. The goal of fiscal policy is too accomplished by decreasing aggregate expenditures and aggregate demand through a decrease in government spending. Fiscal policy pros are; it can build up the operation electronic stabilizers. Well-timed fiscal stabilization together with automatic stabilizers can have an impact on the level of aggregate expenditure and activity in the economy. Fiscal policy can be picky by attempting specific category of the economy. For example, the government can be focused to concentrate education, housing, health or any specific industry area. Fiscal policy controls a spending tap. Fiscal policy can have a forceful effect if used in bankruptcy, because the government can open a spending tap to increase the level of aggregate
Fiscal policy is defined by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nation 's economy. In the year of 1790 Alexander Hamilton had a vision to repair the United States economy problem he started his
Fiscal Policy can be explained in many ways, for example. Fiscal policy is the use of the government budget to affect an economy. When the government decides on the taxes that it collects, the transfer payments it gives out, or the goods and services that it purchases, it is engaging in fiscal policy. The primary economic impact of any change in the government budget is felt by particular groups—a tax cut for families with children, for example, raises the disposable income of such families. Discussions of fiscal policy, however, usually focus on the effect of changes in the government budget on the overall economy—on such macroeconomic variables as GNP and unemployment and inflation.
The fiscal policy is one form of the expansionary policy, which comes in many form, In addition to transfer payments and rebates, the two major example of expansionary fiscal policy are increasing government spending and tax cuts. The goal of an expansionary fiscal policy is to improve the growth of the economy level of a country. Also to help the government reduce unemployment, and increase consumer demand and avoid an economic collapse.
The aggregate demand curve shows the relationship between the aggregate price level and (the) aggregate:
Three reasons the aggregate-demand curve slopes downward are the wealth effect, the interest-rate effect, and the exchange rate effect. The wealth effect explains that when the price level decreases, each consumer is wealthier because the real value of his or her dollar has increased. Wealthier consumers spend more, increasing the demand for consumption goods and services. Conversely, if the price level rises, the real value of the dollar will decrease, effectively making consumers poorer. Poorer consumers will spend less on consumption, decreasing the demand for goods and services.
First of all, expansionary fiscal policy is passed to expand the money supply of an economy to encourage economic prosperity, growth, and combat inflation. Inflation is described as the overall increase of prices in an economy or country. There are several ways an
Increased spending on investment adds to aggregate demand and helps to restore normal levels of production and employment.Fiscal policy, on the other hand, can provide an additional tool to combat recessions and is particularly useful when the tools of monetary policy lose their effectiveness. When the government cuts taxes, it increases households’ disposable income, which encourages them to increase spending on consumption. When the government buys goods and services, it adds directly to aggregate demand. Moreover, these fiscal actions can have multiplier effects: Higher aggregate demand leads to higher incomes, which in turn induces additional consumer spending and further increases in aggregate demand.Traditional Keynesian analysis indicates that increases in government purchases are a more potent tool than decreases in taxes. When the government gives a dollar in tax cuts to a household, part of that dollar may be saved rather than spent. The part of the dollar that is saved does not contribute to the aggregate demand for goods and services. By contrast, when the government spends a dollar buying a good or service, that dollar immediately and fully adds to aggregate demand.
Fiscal Policy refers to the various decisions undertaken by the government regarding public expenditures and revenue. There are a large number of sub-policies that are encompassed by the fiscal system. But all the policies can be broadly categorized as being either ‘Public Expenditure’ or ‘Public Revenue’. It can be said that the fiscal policy is a direct government intervention in the economic processes of an economy.