Difference Between An Organelle And A Complex

The endoplasmic reticulum is specialised for protein processing and lipid biosynthesis. One of its primary functions is to regulate the ionic concentration in the cytoplasm via the movement of Ca2+, via ionic pumps and channels. It also contains enzymes responsible for the metabolising of drugs. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can come in two forms. As depicted in Fig. 2 Rough ER has ribosomes present as part of the membrane of the organelle, and together with these ribosomes takes polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol and synthesises proteins destined for attachment to cell membranes. It is in the lumen of the rough ER that the proteins are folded into the specific three dimensional shapes that are so important for biochemical recognition and linking sites [6]. It is called rough because of the presence of ribosomes makes the surface of the membrane look rough, unlike smooth ER, which lacks the ribosomes so the membrane looks smooth. Rough ER is composed of a large but convoluted flattened sac. The main function of the smooth ER is the production of lipids and the metabolism of compounds (such as the breakdown of glycogen into glucose). Because of the different functions between the rough and smooth ER, different specialised cells will have different amounts of each; for example, hepatic

serve as the site of lipid synthesis in the cell. The ER functions as the

3) As a ribosome moves along the mRNA, the genetic message is translated into a protein with a specific amino acid sequence.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) – They are called because of the presence of ribosomes on them. They provide a site for protein synthesis and helps transport protein.

“Here is Rocky Endos the Rough E.R. There are ribosomes built up on her surface and it makes the surface look rough they work on the production and export of proteins, glycoproteins, and hormones.”

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions.

▪ Know the functions of the various organelles, e.g., glyoxysomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, etc.

There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. you can distinguish that both of the ER’s are different to each other, this is shown in the diagram above that one is smooth ER and the other is rough ER the rough ER has ribsomes attracted to it while the smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. The two ER’s have different function to each other.

Nearly all animal cells have a nucleus, with the only exception being the red blood cell. The nucleus has two major functions, which are housing the DNA and controlling the cell’s activities. In the centre of the nucleus is the nucleolus. This doesn’t have a membrane, but holds itself together. In the nucleolus, ribosomes are created through the mixture of RNA and proteins. These proteins are originally found in the cytoplasm, outside the nucleus, but they travel through the pores in the nuclear envelope, through the chromatin and into the nucleolus. The structure of the nucleolus allows easy

They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosomes builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus

4. What conclusions can you draw about the importance of this organelle in the cell?

P1 – Describe the microstructure of a typical animal cell and the functions of the main cell components. A typical animal cell is seen as a tiny, three dimensional sac which is in fact made up of many components, each as important as the other. The microstructure of an animal cell was in fact uncovered mainly through the use of both cell fractionation and electron microscopy. Each main component has its own, individual function which helps a cell to function and maintains the cell membrane. The components that I will be describing include the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, centrioles, endoplasmic reticulum (both smooth and rough) and ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the structures in which proteins are made. Cells that are active in protein synthesis are often crowded with ribosomes. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein. Some ribosomes are attached to the membranes, and some are free in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are among the smallest of organelles. They are no larger than 25 nanometers in diameter. A nanometer is equal to one billionth of a meter.

Exosomes are membranous vesicles enclosed in lipid bilayers with diameter of 30-100nm and are responsible in carrying cytoplasmic proteins such as Rab proteins and actin-binding proteins and signal transduction molecules such as G-proteins and protein kinases, as well as some heat-shock proteins like Hsp70 and tetraspanins like CD9 [5-30]. Exosomal proteins can directly represent the specific profiles of their cells of origin, for

Organelles are the internal structures of the cell that are important for the cell to survive. Each organelle has a specific function for the cell. The types of organelles in the cell can be different from each other depending on the type of cell. Plant cells and animal cells both have a cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, nucleus, plasma membrane, and ribosomes. Animal and plant cells also have vacuoles, but they are rarely found in animal cells. Vacuoles in animal cells are very small compared to the vacuoles in plant cells. Lysosomes are also rarely found in plant cells but mostly found in animal cells.