Difference Between Behavioral Inhibition System And Behavioral Activation System

Social learning theory (SLT), cognitive approach, behaviorist approach, humanistic approach, psychodynamic approach and biological approach.

Biological theories suggest genetics have a big part to play in personality. Some have suggested that people with high cortical arousal are introverts who avoid stimulation. While individuals with low cortical arousal are extroverts who look for stimulating

Intro: Behavioral Neuroscience is a beginner’s course that will introduce you to the basic overarching concepts where neuroscience and psychology intersect. We will cover a broad range of topics, in the hopes of gaining some understanding and appreciation for how the processes within the brain ultimately lead to our behaviors. Everything we do, think, say, feel, dream, desire, despise, and question, is a function of the chemical and electrical balance within our brain tissue. This class is the first step down the path of learning what we

Behaviorism is the scientific approach to psychology that is distinguished by logical-theoretical emphasis as is seeks to develop reasons for behavior (Moore, 2013). The theory of Behaviorism was developed by John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. Uniquely, this theory states that personality is plastic and can be shaped by the environment or situational influences. Another difference from previous thoughts is

Secondly, The Behavioural Theory, based on Ivan Pavlov’s 1879 Classic Conditioning experiment and largely influenced by B.F. Skinner’s 1948 Operant Behaviourism Theory suggests that individual’s behaviour is

In an article by Saunders and Williams (1998), they define stimulus control as any difference shown in responding during the presence of different stimuli. The article also expresses how all of the behavior that we perform in our daily lives involve stimulus control. It is said that the analysis of current stimulus control as well as the analysis of the development and stimulus control relations are essential to understand all human behavior that is normal or abnormal. Stimulus control is shown to be a big part of experimental psychology including the concepts of: memory, learning and sensory processes. Like stimulus control, all of these concepts involve the differences in responding in the absence and presence of a stimuli . Also, it is shown that stimulus-control procedures are used to create behavioral baselines when studying the effects of

The Biological model looks at abnormal behavior as a medical condition, requiring medical intervention to bring relief. (Comer, 2009) explains that human thoughts are a result of “biochemical and biological processes” (p.35), that take place in the brain. Mood, and emotion are controlled by different parts of the brain “the hippocampus helps regulate emotions and memory, and the amygdala playa a key role in emotional memory” (p.35). When there is an interference in the messaging process that takes place between neurons, then psychological abnormalities can result. If the chemicals “neurotransmitters” that are involved in this process “serotonin and norepinephrine” are deficient than depression can occur, “the body’s endocrine system” which controls hormones can also cause “anxiety and mood disorders” if not functioning properly (p.35-36).

Jeffery Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory is based on two conceived biological systems of the brain that control behavior. These biological systems include the behavioral activation system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Each system is responsive to different variables. Each should be analyzed thoroughly to gain an understanding of what initiates Hannibal Lecter’s behavior.

Not much is known about where shyness comes from. It is known though, that shyness occurs when there is fear or discomfort around others. Most research states that shyness comes from a combination of genetics and the environment. Based on twin and adoption studies there seems to be a significant heritable component for shyness (Fordham & Stevenson-Hinde, 1999). Xu, Farver, & Shin (2014) believe that the behavior inhibition system may have an effect on shyness. A physiological sign of shyness is increased cortisol levels (Doey, Coplan, & Kingsbury, 2014). Cortisol levels are associated with stress and people who are shy experience stress in social situations. Eggum-Wilkens, Lemery-Chalfant, Aksan, & Goldsmith, (2015) state that even though shyness

The bio-psycho-social model is an adequate approach to understanding behavior because it looks at the mechanism, motive and context behind a person’s behavior. The Bio and Psycho aspects of this model explain the internal stimuli behind a person behavior while the Social shows how outside facts affect it as well. It can be argued that this model is not adequate because it leaves out how environmental aspects play into a person’s behavior, but this factor doesn’t play the same role in behavior as the other three.

The first is known as the Behavioural Active System (BAS), and the second is referred to as the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) (DeNeve, et al, 1998). Gray’s (1987) concept believed BAS and BIS both worked to regulate behaviour through the existences of reward and punishment signals (DeNeve, et al, 1998). These signals would operate in trait like terms. Larsen and Ketelaar (1991) (as cited by DeNeve, et al, 1998) further hypothesized, and then later proved, BAS personalities of extraversion having an increased positive effect. While on the other hand, BIS personalities linked to neuroticism had an increased negative emotionality. By proving a positive and negative emotion varying between two different personality types, it is evident that this information reaffirms a connection between personality and subjective wellbeing. Positive emotion and personality in turn links to higher levels of subjective wellbeing

Classical and operant conditioning are two different ways people learn things and develop certain behaviors. Phobias and addictions can be established from classical and operant conditioning. “In classical conditioning, an environmental stimulus leads to a learned response, through pairing of an unconditioned stimulus with a previously neutral conditioned stimulus. The result is a conditioned response, or learned reflex” (Kowalski & Westen, 2011, “Learning”, p.167). Whereas in operative conditioning, the way an individual behaves is created by an environmental reaction. In this essay I will speak about how phobias can be developed through classical and operant conditioning, the differences between the two, consequences such as

The father of Behavioral Psychology is Watson. Another iconic psychologist in this aspect is B. F. Skinner. Skinner’s major theory is operant conditioning. Operant behavior is defined as behavior “controlled by its consequences” (Staddon & Cerutti, 2003). Operant behavior also uses reinforcement

This essay will give a description of Personality before critically analysing the biological basis of personality approach. The biological basis approach tries to account for the mechanisms between genes and personality by looking at various different brain structures whilst the biochemical approach looks at the impact of hormones and neurotransmitters. The majority of our understanding of personality from a biological perspective focuses on the three main behavioural systems; the reward system, the motivation system and the punishment system. Within this essay I will be discussing the three main theories that have come from these ideas, Eyenck’s three-factor model, Gray’s reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) and Cloningers model of personality.

Throughout early development, people learn to register, process and respond to the diverse aspects of their external environment (Pluess, 2015). How individuals perceive and process their external environment (sensitivity) results in qualitatively different psychological and behavioural response patterns (responsivity) (Pluess, 2015). Despite differences in terminology, researchers agree that individuals differ substantially in their sensitivity and responsivity; with some being more and some being less sensitive and or responsive to comparable environmental conditions (Pluess, 2015). The idea that individuals differ in their response to the same experience is easily observed across everyday experiences (e.g., children raised in the same family or students of the same classroom), and has been widely considered across several subfields of psychology (Pluess & Belsky, 2013). Environmental sensitivity has often, unfortunately been absorbed by well-known personality concepts such as introversion, inhibition and neuroticism. While there is some evidence of overlap amongst these concepts and environmental sensitivity, considerable research has endeavored to distinguish environmental sensitivity as a relatively stable personality trait. (Aron & Aron, 1997).