Difference Between Classical And Classical Theories Of Management

Management has been studied by a lot of theorists who then learning from their own experiences came out with different theories and styles of management, explaining how to manage. The classical school has proven to be one of the most influential of all the schools. (Brooks 2009). Due to the success of the bureaucratic and scientific management style of managing, this essay will look into the bureaucratic style of management and then the scientific style of management and show that although these theories were developed during the turn of the twentieth century, they are still present in organisations today and are still very relevant to this day and age.

In a historical aspect the evolution of management consist of six approaches starting with America’s Industrial Revolution in the late 19th century to the present: Classical, Behavioral, Quantitative, Systems, Contingency and Quality. Before the creation of factories the need for managerial skills was not needed, since products and services were delivered on a small scale and by hand. But with the invention of engines that did not require rivers to make them run, companies started to create factories to produce products in mass quantities requiring a need for more knowledge in the field of management.

In addition to the Classical Perspective there’s also the Humanistic Perspective consisting of three subfields; Human Relations, Human Resources and Behaviour Sciences. Theorists such as Abraham Maslow and Elton Mayo integrated the Humanistic Approach into their management theories. There are specific factors that distinguish whether a theory uses the Humanistic Perspective; the humanistic approaches all emphasise the importance of understanding human behaviour, needs and attitude within the working environment. The Humanistic Perspective focuses on both extrinsic and intrinsic factors of an individual. The central idea is that the human needs are the conclusive factor to achieving efficiency within an organisation. 8

The classical theory is the earliest form of management that perceived that a set of universal principles would apply to all the organizations in all situations to achieve efficiency and organization's goals. Scientific management and bureaucratic theory were one of the several components of the classical school of organization. Important pioneers among them are Frederick Taylor and Max Weber. The classical theories have been contested of little relevance to work and organization today simply

Classical approach was made by Henry Fayol in the 18th century. This theory is more about the method of performing a work rather than the personality of the workers in an organization. Henry Fayol took birth in a town in France in 1841 then he got his degree in mining engineering and he started working in a coal company as an engineer.Henry Fayol was known as the “Father of Management Studies and Thoughts”. The reasons he was known for the same are:

The classical school of management is thought to of originated around the turn of the current century and dominated management thinking into the 1920 's. It had one main focus and this was on the efficiency of work processes, either through bureaucratic management that focuses on rules and procedures, or scientific management which concentrates on the one best way in which a job can be done. It is now commonly considered by modern theorists that these ways of management are outdated and not completely relevant to

Administrative management by Henry Fayol, scientific management by Frederick Taylor and bureaucratic management by Max Weber were all developed long time ago in the management development history. However, they still have significant influences over the management today and managers today could still apply these ideas to their workplace. This essay is to discuss what these theories are and how they are applied to the management practice today.

Management is a process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives within a changing environment. (Kreitner R. 2007, p. 5) it has approaches, theories, principles which need to be learnt in order that we understand the nature of management properly and as would be mangers, apply them these principles to our day-to-day lives. In this assignment I will discuss the approaches (classical school approach and the behavioral historical theories) to management and their

Management practices and perspectives vary in response to social, political and economic forces in our society. When time passes, managers adopted different management perspectives to help their organisation cope with environment turbulence or changes. The importance for human being to comprehend the importance of management perspectives is to help each organisations achieve their goals by improving workers’ productivity and efficiency as well as keeping the organisations vital. The purpose of this critical essay is to evaluate the management thinking, compare and contrast humanistic and classical perspectives of management with examples provided. It will start with the examination of humanistic perspective, classical perspective, compare both perspectives and end with conclusion.

The history of management includes multiple theories and understanding them can help individuals identify the ideas their organization is built upon. Classical organizational theory encompasses several major approaches to management that continue to be influential even today. The early to mid-twentieth century included the introduction of many concepts of management theory such as scientific management, bureaucratic and administrative theory. Most of these early approaches revolved around control of employees and processes in order to achieve more

In the early 1900’s, some of the first ideas were thrown together to allow an organization to flourish in the upcoming modern era. The first theories were known as scientific and classical management, which focused on three separate theories from Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber. The three theories have similar ideology in the fact that organization is driven by management authority, employees only source of motivation is money, and organizations are machinelike with employees making up the parts of the machine (Papa, Daniels, & Spiker, 2008). In the Prophecy Fulfilled case study, Mary Ann (senior auditor) takes on a management role with subordinates similar to that of Weber’s Bureaucratic Theory (Daniels 1987, pp. 77-78).

In the classical viewpoint of management, great time and effort is put into the scientific method and scientific management. The scientific method is used in order to determine the best way to accomplishing each assigned task. The classic viewpoint also uses the theory that persons need to be scientifically selected and then trained to conduct duties. Encompassed in this viewpoint is the implication that management develop and assign all tasks, and employees are responsible for the completion of those tasks. The classical view point is often used in industry and refined the pay for performance incentives. The chain of command which so many of us are familiar with from the military is clearly depicted and used in the classical management

The history of management has been grouped into phases of development. Classical Management was introduced in the beginning of the 201th century. This addresses the organization’s search for efficiency on the basis that people will work for themselves and be economically beneficial. In other words, they work because they are determined by the economic concerns. Workers are expected to accept every opportunity that comes and they must work for it to achieve a personal and financial improvement. All of this has been supported by 3 theories in which the companies still used it today.

The classical approach were established and carried out in the early 1900centyry. Group of technician, manager and scientist came up with idea in order to reduce industrial dispute. They are Frederick Taylor-the theory of scientific management, Max Weber- theory of bureaucracy, and Henri Fayol – theory of classical management. Most of them theories were based on the principal for a comprehensive theory of management. Now I am going to discuss about perspective view of each theories. Frederick Taylor came up with the principal theory of scientific management. His theory put emphasis on how an organisation can increase or gain their productivity through strong management control and supervision on worker and planning and maintain structure of organisation. He believe in so called “Division of labour”-worker can do best and process can be run smoothly if worker assigned to a limited number of specific task. He argued best result will out come if the employee appointed for a specific task and monitor them closely. Taylor found out that lack of employee initiative in the work place was the major issue of inefficient work in the organisation. He believes that the organisation emphasis more on external job rather than focusing on internal process of the production line, giving less priority to the external process created negative impact on organisation such as waste of time, human effort and materials. The reasons behind that were at that time most of the organization used to

The evolution of management has been in existence since the construction of massive structures such as the pyramids in Egypt in the ancient days and the Great Wall of China during the Qing Dynasty period. It is thus evident how important the role of management and its application is globally and through the passage of time. The emergence of the classical approach occurred during the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and Europe, as it became necessary to have a more formal approach to management. Production shifted away from the cottage industry as large complex organisations