Both goal structure and goal orientation influence the way students perceive the purpose of goal setting and achievement. To understand the effect, it is important to distinguish the difference between goal structure and goal orientation when considering students’ motivation, behaviors and the reasons, or purposes, for engaging in academic work.
Classroom goal structures refers to the learning environment in which the learning takes place and influences a student’s perception on what it means to achieve. According to Wolters (2004), achievement goal theorists have established two categories of goal structures:
• Classroom mastery goal structures: an environment in which the instructional practices, policies, and norms convey to
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236).
There is a direct correlation between goal structures, goal orientations and student achievement. Lau and Nie (2008) examined the interaction between classroom goal structures and personal goal orientations to the prediction of students’ achievement and motivational outcomes (p. 15). The study consisted of 3,943 grade five students from 130 classrooms in 38 elementary schools in Singapore. The participating schools represented a wide spectrum of achievement levels to ensure a “natural variance” of demographics and classroom characteristics. The mixed-methodology study included qualitative surveys to gather data on students’ motivational beliefs, academic behaviors, and perceived classroom goal structure as well as quantitative data from a math achievement test. Lau et al. analyzed students’ responses to determine their personal goal orientation. All participants completed an achievement test that consisted of four types of questions and required: (1) an understanding of basic math concepts, (2) performing routine mathematical procedures, (3) using complex procedures and (4) working to solve novel problems
In the Dweck article it is stated that students perception of goals can influence their actions and feelings. It stated if students goals are fixed on the results and performance, then they are likely to not risk trying and failing, because that would indicate their level of ability. They also view effort negatively, because they perceive it to be as a compensation for ability, However if students goals are just to learn and see what they can get out of the process, they are likely to approach challenges and see what they can learn from it. I think this is an important concept, because sometimes we can be so focused on achieving certain results, that we can forget or get distracted from our original goal, which just might be to have fun and
Goal Oriented: having goals in life is very imperative to the success of your students. Having goals in your curriculum will display your expectations for your students and their academic outcomes. It will also increase your current and future success. Taking advantage of your teaching goals is another approach to react to socially and semantically differing students in your class (Moore et al.,
The nature of students is that of an instinctive ability to learn. Students of ages and all grade levels reflect their surroundings and respond according to their interpretation. Naturally it is not only the influence of a classroom that shapes a student but many outside factors that determine students’ goals and abilities; for example, healthy encouragement from parents. Students may find a natural ability to perform in one area of education and with help may fine tune their ability to better their understanding of other areas. Students have a better understanding of education when it is relevant to their needs and everyday life.
These smaller goals can span any amount of time, short-term or long-term (Massey, 2014). Having smaller sub-goals will help make the main goal appear more achievable, and celebrating the completion of each of these sub-goals will serve as a catalyst to keep the student excited and motivated as they continue along their educational journey (Williams, 2014). By not setting smaller goals and missing larger goals, students will get discouraged and feel like failures (Williams, 2011).
The study gathered 260 college students taking basic math classes by noting their goals on the “Achievement Goal Questionnaire” (Mango, 2012). The research team correlated the goals with using the Studies Strategy Inventory and found that there was a weak to moderate relation within the subscales of achievement goals, moderately strong relation within the subscales of learning and study strategies, and main ideas and time management were both positive consequences of the different achievement goals (Magno,
The results from the goal analyses indicated significant differences within and across classroom structure conditions. The results of the statistics chosen for the analysis were consistent with the theoretical relationship and the hypothesis. The data from this research is represented in two tables. The first table reflects information in regards to the learning goals and performance goals of the three classroom structures. The table disaggregates the data by means and standard deviations. The second table gives a summary of for classroom structure by goals interaction. The results from the study support the idea that a contingency contract classroom
Using the behavioural approach with the one student we selected goals for him to complete. The student’s goals were to pass all of his classes and to obtain his drivers licences. The goal of passing all of his classes was the student’s idea. We sat and had a chat one day and we talked about the classes that he has this semester, it was here where I learned that the student would be talking guitar again this year. The student disclosed to me that he had previously take guitar and had not done so well in the class so we was determined to do better this year. This is where the goal of him passing all of his classes came in. After our little chat I remembered a goal that my supervisor had advised me of during the pervious semester of the student wanting to get his license so I brought it up to him and we added it to the list. Just like the concept above of what is a goal I can clearly tell that these to two things are goals because they are not clearly defined or able to be put on a schedule. We were going to continue on the next day in class about getting some of the objectives down but the student was not in class so I just made some up. In regards to passing hiss classes some of the objectives would be attending class everyday, completing homework assignments, studying for the chapter
A goal is defined as, “the result or achievement toward which effort is directed; aim; end” according to dictionary.com. In high school, this is the most ambiguous word that every teacher uses. They don’t do this on purpose, they do it because administration expects to see them reach some type of goal over some type of time period, usually by whenever the next standardized test is set to be given. The text What High School Is, by Theodore R. Sizer, goes over much of what a “normal” day at the typical high school is like for student Mark, and why it should be changed for X and Y reasons. These days consist of doing what you are told by people “more educated” than yourself, seeing things in the way they want you to see them. In the text The Loss of Creature, by Walker Percy, he sets a huge emphasis on seeing things through
It is important for my students to understand and value learning goals in the classroom. At the start of every chapter students will be supplied an outline of what they are going to encounter in the upcoming weeks.
A successful person chooses goals to achieve something that is of great value and importance to them. This in turn motivates the person to achieve the goal because when the desired outcome is very important to a person, that person will be determined to persevere. Goal setting also improves a person 's organizational and time management skills because goal setting requires prioritization and that leads to the successful and sequential completion of necessary tasks. Once a person defines and prioritizes goals a plan should be drawn out detailing how this goal will be achieved. Goals and the time-line for their completion should be clearly defined, it is also important that a person 's
In the elementary classroom, there is a clear distinction what is the learning goal from learning activities. I post a learning goal for every subject on the board in the front of the classroom. Each student also has their own scale from level one which is an entry level to level four which is above expectations. As a whole group we are expected to get to a level three, which is at grade level. My students also track their progress on their scale. Finally, when a student reach the level three or four on the learning scale, I recognize them and celebrate their growth.
Goal setting has always been an important factor in my life, because of that I have accomplished things that I am very proud of. Without goals it would make it very hard to succeed in life because there is nothing to work hard for. Goal setting is a constant reminder of the things that are important to you. It gives me the motivation to work hard every day so that I can achieve my goals. Goals are what keeps each of us different. Throughout my life, I hope to continue to set goals.
To guide the student to excel in their classroom work, a criteria and goal-setting exercise was carried out to enable the student meet expectations through instructions and the learning process. The student was asked to participate in standardized
Clear goals allow students to engage more and feel motivated to participate and do better in school.
Setting goals is the most important thing you can do in your life. Without goal's you are going to have no direction, no ambition to be successful, no drive to stay in school, and trouble finding a career that will provide for you. Without these three things, achieving your goals is going to be one of the toughest tasks in the years to come.