Difference Between Ice Vest And Controls

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could

P6- follows guidelines to interpret collected data for heart rate, breathing rate and temperature before and after a standard period of exercise

Using the lab activity, observe and record the physiologic changes that occur during exercising using the following chart:

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

Information about statistical significance and confidence interval is presented and reviewed. There was good use of tables and figures that included titles and headings that were clearly and appropriately labeled. The results were also clearly displayed in tables with identifiable titles and labeled headings. The study included descriptive statistics. The study described the main characteristics in the dataset. The mean and standard deviation for each blood pressure measurement was calculated before and after crossing of the legs was performed by the study subjects. Inferential statistics were also present in this study. In order to test mean differences with three or more groups, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test is used. This research study conducted a repeated-measure ANOVA, which is when there are three or more measures of the same dependent variable

The controlled variable included the exercise bike and heart rate monitor. There are several limitations, systematic and random errors that should be considered when interpreting these results. (4) The controlled variables were not tested before this experiment to see if they were working and reliable. Figure 2 heart rate was quite inconsistent and did not follow the pattern of the other results, which maybe suggest a random error with the heat rate monitor. A systematic error could include the fitness of the participants. One of the test subjects is an endurance athlete and the other does not compete in any sport. This would affect the results because for the endurance-trained athlete, from their training they increase their cardiac output results from a substantial increase in maximal stroke volume. In untrained persons, cardiac output increases in response to exercise primarily by an increase in heart rate. The endurance-trained athlete does so mainly by an increase in stroke volume. Simply meaning that although both participants are doing the same cadence and length the endurance athletes skewers the results by already having an increased rate in stroke volume. Another systematic error may include the rate of perceived effort. For the most accurate results, the measured maximum heart rate would be necessary to give an accurate cadence to ride at.

A Tupperware container was filled with ice and another container was filled with room temperature water. A digital thermometer was inserted into the water-filled container, and ice was slowly added until the temperature dropped to fifty-five degrees Fahrenheit. When volunteers put their hand in the water, the amount of time that they could hold their hand in the container was measured, and then recorded, along with their name. Before each new volunteer arrived, the temperature was checked and reset back to fifty-five degrees by adding or removing ice cubes. The averages of the males and females were taken and compared.

This is an effect of the diving reflex resulting in bradycardia. The data also showed that the colder the water, the greater the reduction in heart rate. For both subjects, the average heart rate for the first three conditions (resting, apnea, and 25C° or room temperature water) were fairly the same for each subject. This is because their bodies had not triggered the diving reflex yet. Activation of the diving reflex must be done quickly and in very cold water. Both subjects showed similar results in that the heart rate continued decreasing as their faces were submerged in colder water. Although the heart rates differ between the two subjects, this is not a significant difference and is due to the subject’s own physiological system. Both data from each subjects were consistent with each other. This experiment demonstrate that temperature does have an influence on the diving reflex since the heart rate was lower in the 5C° temperature than the 15C° or

The results concluded that there was no significant difference in any of the PEFR, FVC, and FEV1.0 tests over time for running in cold versus warm air; however, at one point post-run, seven participants displayed a change that would represent a response relative to the EIB

The article written by Kennet, Hardaker, Hobbs, and Selfe compares crushed ice, gel pack, frozen peas, and ice-water immersion to see which one had the best therapeutic outcome. These modalities are supposed to cool the tissues in the injured area to decrease swelling and pain. The researchers had several patients undergo 20 minutes of application to the right ankle with each of the four different modalities. After the 20 min application, the patient’s extremity had 30 minutes of rewarming time. Temperatures were taken to see which modality cooled the extremity the best and compared rewarming temperatures too. Crushed ice and ice-water immersion had the greatest cooling ability in those 20 minutes. The gel pack only cooled the surface area

Cardiovascular drift (CVD, CVdrift) is the phenomenon where some cardiovascular responses begin a time dependent change, or "drift" after around 10 minutes of exercise in a warm or neutral environment without an increase in workload. It is characterised by decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume and a parallel increase in heart rate. It has been shown that a reduction in stroke volume due to dehydration is almost always due to the increase in internal temperature. It is influenced by many factors, most notably the ambient temperature, internal temperature, hydration and the amount of muscle tissue activated during exercise. To promote cooling, blood flow to the skin is increased, resulting in a shift in fluids from blood plasma

Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.

Researchers like Ching-Yu Tseng and Jo-Ping Lee have such evidence from extensive studies and trials that proves icing can delay, rather than improve, recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (IEMD). Their results showed that removal of the cold pack on subjects in the trial led to a “protracted rebound” in muscle hemoglobin concentration compared with controls. In addition, measures of muscle strength during recovery weren’t

Table 4.1 The Analysis of the Pre- Activities and Post- Activities in the experimental group by using t- test Paired Sample Statistic