The great empires of history, particularly in Islamic history, were the Ottomans of Turkey, Safavids in Persia, and Mughals in India. This text will be a brief run-down of the times in which Selim I, Suleiman I and Jahangir ruled, in hopes that if become familiar with who these rulers were in terms of the characteristics of their leadership and authority, we can interpret a picture what the society was like at that time. The common facts that Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires shared was that they all originated in Turkish nomadic cultures of the steppe, the class which originally dominated the states and social hierarchy was a military aristocracy, they were Muslim led and it was their devotion to Islam that encouraged them to carry the faith to new lands, they were based on conquest and the use of military technologies, they began with absolutist rulers and efficient bureaucracies and they surprisingly did not rule predominantly Muslim populations. The differences between the empires laid up to their ruler’s opinions, achievements and decree for example rulers of the Safavid and Mughal Empires exerted even more spiritual authority than the others, forcing their citizens to subject to their beliefs of the religion, Ismail and the emergence of Shiism. In the Mughal Empire, conflicts between fathers and sons were frequent. The Safavids managed no better. A key instance of this is Sultan Suleiman I (1495-1566). He was Selim's son who ruled for 46 years and helped Ottoman
Pre-Islamic Arabia was a culture knit together by kinship. In this society there was no emperor or ruling elite. The people of pre-Islamic Arabia were bound together by nomadic tribes who made profit by trading and most importantly “raiding”. These raids were often described as small-scale warfare and were instrumented by tribal leaders in order to increase the wealth and power of the tribe (Gordon 5). This was the society in which Islam came to power. Warfare and raiding were essential in order to be successful in pre-Islamic Arabia. The integration of warfare into the Islamic religion created a similarity among Muslims, those who follow Islam, and non-Islamic Arabian people. This relationship and common interest established by the prophet Muhammad helped in the rise of Islam among non-Islamic
From 1567 to 330 B.C. humanity experienced many subsequent development as well as decline in its civilizations. Among these events emerged three colossal empires that had shaken the world and forever changed the course of human history. The Egyptian, Assyrian, and Persian Empires have been instrumental in influencing technology, religion, and ideas throughout the world. Various factors have contributed to the success and downfall of these giants. Each of the “World Powers” have similarities as well as distinctions in its government form and organization, religion, and economy that contributed to their triumph.
The Ottoman and Mughal empires were two of the greatest and most successful empires to ever form in history. However, they both had some similarities as well as differences. Both empires went through tough periods of time, but at some point they also went through times of growth and prosperity. Although the Ottoman and Mughal Empire both did not force conversions into Islam, the Ottoman’s development relied on their tough military force, while the decline of the Mughal Empire was caused by Aurangzeb’s policy of religious persecution and high taxes.
On the Political side, the Ottoman Turks were the best at keeping up control for a more extended time. It could get by to the point that advanced circumstances. The two different realms crumbled by the seventeenth century. The pioneer of the Ottoman Turks was known as the Sultan which was like a ruler. Islamic Law was connected to all Muslims. With respect to Safavid realm politically, the Shahs strolled around the boulevards in mask keeping in mind the end goal to discover the genuineness of the nationals. The high positions were given by justifying and regularly were nonnatives. In the Mughal Empire politically, Even,
This document teaches historians about the Islamic Empire under the rule of the Abbasid Empire and how, during al-Ya’qubi’s time, Baghdad was the heart of the huge network the Islamic Empire had created. Al-Ya’qubi lived during the ninth century and his observations on Baghdad in “A New Islamic Dynasty” gave historians more insight into the Islamic World regarding: a) the central role that Baghdad played in the Islamic State during his time, b) Baghdad’s transformation from village to powerful city and c) perceiving how al-Yaqubi’s personal ties to Baghdad affected his observations. Although al-Ya’qubi may have exaggerated when describing some people or events, he certainly highlighted the historical period and society where he lived by mentioning how central and pivotal Baghdad as a city was to the Islamic World both during his time – and, to an extent, for world history as a
The decline of the Mongol Empire laid ground for the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. These three empires all had military strength, Sovereign Pride, Religious commitment, and Aesthetic sophistication in common to varying degrees. The Safavid and Ottoman empires are usually compared because of the wars that broke out between them and their similar attributes. However, this will be a comparison of the Safavid and Mughal Empires.
On a religious point of view for all the empires. The Governments in all 3 were muslim based. Mughals were the only group that was not predominately Muslim. Muslims were only a small minority Ottomans were Sunni Muslims. The Ottoman titles were claimed to be caliphs. They maintained Islamic law called Sandri'a. Only applied to Ottoman Muslims. Ottoman minorities were mostly
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal societies all relied on bureaucracies that drew inspiration from the steppe traditions of Turkish and Mogol people and from the heritage of Islam, they adopted similar policies, they looked for ways to keep peace in their societies which were made up of different religious and ethnic backgrounds, and they were associated with literary and artistic talents. Military and religious factors gave rise to all three of these empires.
Similarity, the Ottoman and Safavid empires had one highly recognized and strong leader each, where they both ruled a Monarch. For the Ottomans, the strongest leader was Suleiman, who came to power around 1520 and ended his reign in 1566. On the other side, for the Safavids, the greatest leader was Abbas I, who came to the throne in the year 1588 at the young but determining age of sixteen. During Suleiman’s power in the Ottoman Empire, he created a Uniform System of Law and welcomed variety forms of art and literature (History.com). Suleiman, also nicknamed Suleiman the Magnificent, also advocated for
Gunpowder was an essential product to many empires, such as the Mughal Empire and the Safavid Empire. Gunpowder boosted technology, economy, and weapons. With the Ottoman Empire, and many others, gunpowder allowed them to expand their territory and protect their trade routes. In the Safavid Empire, they were able to reestablish Persian power.
When the Abbasid Dynasty took over rule, in 762 AD, in the Muslim world and moved to the new capital “Baghdad”, the city then was known as the world’s center of education and culture for 5 centuries. During this period, not only has Baghdad become the city of museums, hospitals, libraries and mosques, but also has been known for the Golden Age of the Islamic civilization. During the European embittered in the Dark Ages, Baghdad was at the heart of an exciting and assorted civilization. After more than 500 years, the Abbasid dynasty started to fade and lose its viability over the entire Muslim world. Major changes where observed during 1257, when Hulagu moved to Baghdad, his transfer led to the creation of a “de facto” alliance between the
When Mahmud Ghazan, the seventh ruler of the Mongol Empire's Ilkhanate division, came to power after his father Arghun, the economic state of Iran was deteriorating, the value of currency was decreasing and there was not enough wealth available for the government to rule over the country. In order to resolve this matter, Ghazan Khan reformed many elements of the Ilkhanate such as defining Islam as the state religion, land grants, standardizing currency and fiscal policy. This paper is an attempt to analyze the reforms of the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan and assess their effectiveness.
Review "Classical Islam: A History 600-1258" is one of the best books of all times and the reason for the success and the fame of the book is that it is the book which is one of its kind. It has focused on the aspects and the scenarios and the time which has been ignored by all other writers. The period was such that very little was known about it as most of the writers ignored it. Moreover the world was engulfed in the dark ages and the progress was hindered and the educational and literary levels had not peaked out and that is why the recording of the history was not all that authentic and accurate. The writer of the book G.E. von Grunebaum who is known to have the knowledge of this material used all the resources that he had in the best possible manner and that is why this book makes one of the best reading materials of all times. As already mentioned the history sources were vague as it is to begin with, the writer had his job cut short because now he had to do the compilation of the sources and he had to verify the authenticity of the work that he was going to include in his book. This book was published and translated in 1970 and this book is not only so important because it tells about the history which we had no idea about in the beginning but it goes one step further. It also tells us about the details and the implication that had an important bearing on how the things shaped out in the longer run. The way the Muslim world is today had the roots in the political
The apparels of the Mughal emperor were imported from various countries, which denotes noble trade relations with other countries and their political power. Their clothing was made of the finest cotton, silk, decorated with gold; they carried beautiful scimitars. Their clothing was slightly different from their European counterparts. With the long gowns, the emperors wore pearl necklaces and jewelled turban ornaments (V&A Archives [a]). Furthermore, they lived in very picturesque and outlandish places.
This essay will examine the two powerful group of people in the world of Islam, the Abbasids in the Saudi Arabia and the Mamluks in Egypt and perhaps a little details related to the involvement of Umayyad and Mongols in the affairs of Abbasids and Mamluks, in order to make the overview more broad. But first, who are these Abbasids and Mamluks in Islam societies.