Differences Between Liberal And Conservative And Liberal Moral Frameworks

Political ideology within a state is established by examining individual ideas about politics and how they are related (Shively, 2014). Even though, not every political ideas are equal, however, they bear some sort of relationship or resemblance. Generally within a state, “ideologies are usually determine by intellectual structure from which one can derive number of disparate policy positions” (Shively, 2014, p. 25).

Although the gay community and unfortunately the Church often refuse to acknowledge a minority of Christians who experience same-sex attraction without label themselves as gay, these Christians are an example in which faith strictly affects attractions concerns. This is why some researchers (openly against religions) think that Christian beliefs and government institutions play a significant role in shaping societal attitudes about homosexuality, “promulgating beliefs and policies that place homosexuality in a negative light” (Henshaw, 2014, p. 959).

There are three political ideologies that are addressed by Cullen and Gilbert (2012). The first one is the conservative ideology. Conservatives place their main emphasis on traditional values, and tend to have issues when someone tries to change tradition. According to conservatives, maintaining social order is an important way to protect society as a whole. Individuals are on their own when it comes to the ideology of conservatives. They have the assumption that individuals are responsible for their own actions, good or bad. Conservatives will protect innocent citizens, but will focus on the punishment of guilty one rather than rehabilitation.

It was not until the twelfth century that homosexuality started to be condemned. This condemnation proved to live through then until now. Due to the fact that America incorporated these early views into its early laws, even the most bland of today's sex acts were seen as unlawful (“Homosexuality and Mental Health”). Since then, these laws have changed, however, there is still a primarily negative connotation on homosexuals when coming from a church or legal standpoint concerning the masses of America.

Although all of the ethical systems determine ones behavior and reasoning. They also have different ways in how they determine

In an earlier paper Haidt and Graham(2007) found that for extreme liberals, Harm / Care and Fairness / Reciprocity where almost always relivent, however those who are extremely conservative find that they value all five more equally when making moral choice. This correlates almost perfectly with the earlier paper from Graham, Haidt and Nosek(2009), showing that the findings seem highly reliable. Haidt and Graham(2007) go on to say that the recognition of the final three moral foundations(Ingroup / Loyalty, Authority / Respect and Purity / Sanctity) is key to allowing more fair and even discussions between the two political standpoints.

They would view the life of homosexuals with a clear mind that isn’t going to judge instead of fighting against what they have been taught since birth. The gender roles teach people how to act according to their sex; if someone goes against the traditional teachings than they are viewed as outcasts. Society looks at them as a mishap. This article strengthens the Kinsey scale because it shows how subjective views can affect the lives of people for the worse. For example, the subjective bias view of Wardle, a law professor at Brigham Young University has affected the lives of homosexuals in several states because he:

Nosek experiment ‘Liberals and Conservatives Rely on Different Sets of Moral Foundations’, 2009. This study is an American study of moral psychology that examined why American liberals and conservatives view the moral foundations with different ranges of significance for each other using the MFT. By using five sets of moral foundations they conducted four different studies and were able to observe the relationship between political views and moral foundation. Using scales to measure stages of moral reasoning and exploration of the patterns in variation of participants’ moral judgments across a liberal-conservative political spectrum using the MFT. It was found, in all four studies, American liberals displayed a strong pattern in their morality results, that being liberals value moral foundations one (1) and two (2) with most significance (harm / care and fairness / reciprocity), while American conservatives generally demonstrate a more equal distribution of all five moral

These groups of individuals are wired completely different from each other and operate on opposite hemispheres on a day to day basis. Thomas Jefferson figured out early on that “Liberals” and “Conservatives” have existed throughout history, and will continue to exist. America’s political society differs from other societies such as India or Austria, however every society has the same basic skeleton, meaning they share similar problems, such as deciding how leadership will be constructed and how to shape their infrastructure. A major difference between liberals and conservatives can be explained by the “negativity bias”. Research has shown through eye-tracking devices that conservatives tend to focus more on negative stimuli and for a longer a period time, whereas liberals equally split their attention between positive and negative stimuli. One could assume that the liberals would focus on positive stimuli, however that’s not the case. This is one of the reasons people believe that liberals and conservatives see the world in entirely different perspectives, not just in politics, but in all walks of life. This eye study can also point too major

Nussbaum also believes that the stereotypical portrayal of homosexuals and the homophobia towards homosexuals is created by a disgust and that disgust is is what makes minority groups look inferior to majority groups. Nussbaum believes that “projective disgust plays no proper role in arguing for legal regulation, because of the emotion’s irrationality and its connection to stigma and hierarchy…Disgust, however, often prevents us from looking for those good reasons, creating the misleading impression that the policy has already been well defended. Turning it to legitimize polices” (Nussbaum, 20). Due to the “politics of disgust,” Nussbaum believes that homosexual couples should be given suspect classification unlike the Lawrence v. Texas

The link between morality and human nature has been a progressive reoccurring theme since ancient times (Prinz, 2008). Moral development is a characteristic of a person’s general development that transpires over the course of a lifetime. Moral development is derived by a wide variety of cultural and demographic factors that appear to influence morally relevant actions. Turiel (2006) defined morality as an individuals “prescriptive judgments of justice, rights, and welfare pertaining to how people ought to relate to each other.” Individuals’ moral judgments are frequently considered to be a product of culturally specific controls that provide a framework for behavioral motivations that are sensitive to the effects of gender, education, religion and politics (Banerjee, Huebner & Hauser, 2010). While several approaches have been utilized to examine the interaction of multivariate contributors to fundamental moral differences such as: disputes about family life, sexuality, social fairness, and so on, research has suggested that ideological considerations have provided a potent and diverse explanation for the polarization of contrasting views (Weber & Federico, 2013).

Homophobia is another form of prejudice and discrimination of an individual based on their sexual orientation, and “homophobia is a widespread prejudice in U.S. society that is tolerated by many people”. (PSY.101). However, in an experiment conducted by Adam Wright, college student were given a scale that assessed how homophobia they were and those with extreme score where selected for the experiment. In addition, the experiment would measure the Individual sexual arouse from viewing clips of sexual acts, the study show heterosexual clips, Lesbian clips and homosexual clips and the participant that these” findings may indicate that homophobia is related to homosexual arousal that the homophobic individuals either deny or are unaware”.(PSY.101).

Loftus acknowledges that although there are many factors associated with a shift in attitudes in accepting GL rights, these shifts are not caused by demographic or cultural ideological shift – rather the effects are brought forth independently through the impetus fomented by the gay movement itself. In his research, Loftus observers that a shift in cultural ideology only accounts for a small portion of the total change in attitude and that when judgment of morality is controlled—the relationship demonstrates is stronger towards restricting civil liberties.

There are a variety of ethical systems that are in existence. These include systems such as ethical formalism, utilitarianism, natural law, teleological and deontological, and many more and variations of each. The deontological and teleological are among the most interesting perspectives. The deontological ethical system is primarily concerned with the inherent nature of the act being judged while the teleological approach mainly focuses on the outcomes of actions.

Responding to how sexual prejudice stems from how an individual constructs what is moral, Christopher Rosik and his coauthors contends that religion is one medium used by individuals to shape their attitudes towards homosexuality. While religion plays an important role in constructing these norms – the moral phycology of an individual serves as the primary agent in shaping any attitudes towards Gay and Lesbian (GL). The group of researchers break moral indictors into 5 separate categories – in which Purity and Sanctity are not explicit to just religion. They frame their argument in a way that places responsibility on how the individual construct the way they see the world and anything that goes against the contrary to that reality is a violation