Different Aspects Of The Trait Theory Of Personality

Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.

In psychology, there are four major theories of personality: psychodynamic, trait or five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive. The psychodynamic theory primarily focuses on the role of the unconscious mind. The social cognitive theory focuses on the effect of the environment on behavior and is based on theories of learning. Whereas, the humanistic theory emphasizes conscious life experiences and choices. The trait or five-factor model focuses on characteristics themselves and not the roots of personality.

Charles Spearman’s theory (1904) also takes the psychometric approach that there is a general intelligence. Spearman maintains that intelligence is hereditary and an individual is born with their maximum mental ability. This suggests that intelligence cannot be changed or strengthened. The concept of ‘general intelligence’ suggests that an individual has an underlying intelligence, in which their performance in one type of cognitive task is often similar to their performance in another (Boundless 2013). Spearman demonstrated this through the correlations between tests, where individuals who performed well in one test, often performed well in others. This led Spearman to the conclusion that intelligence is defined as a single factor. However, critics refute Spearman’s conclusions, as they argue that one cannot reduce all factors of intelligence to an indefinable “g” (Neisser et al. 1996).

Avoidant attachment of a male present in a romantic relationship (Male super ego and madonna-whore complex)

I already knew before seeing the final results of the collages that my description of myself would differ from my partner’s portrayal of me. No matter who I had chosen to do it, I knew the final product would end with positive traits on their collage, and negative traits on my own. I am my worst critic, and am sometimes very blind to the good impressions I leave on other people. I do see a few of the same words between the two collages, as well as some general key themes I can make out between the two. I also notice my self criticism is very apparent, even from the other person’s point of view. I chose my mother to make the other half of the collage for me. So, obviously there is going to be a bit of a bias towards my good qualities rather

Personality plays a significant role in how individuals react to certain situations and in different environments. It is encouraged to conduct research into the variability in personality, as every individual differs from one another (Abali, 2006). There is no fixed definition of personality acceptable to all theorists, as research results are interpreted in different ways. Generally speaking, personality is as a set of persistent psychological traits and patterns within an individual, that form distinctive characteristics which make individuals unique from one another.

Personality is derived from of many different theories and genres. Personality typically can be reference to as many diverse arrays of thoughts, feelings and behaviors that sets each individual apart in a unique way. Theorist has concluded that an individual external influence can inspire how certain traits are articulated and originated through personality theories. As each person grows older researchers have stated that a human being personality tends to remain consistently the same throughout existence. Personality theories were generally formulated from

The trait perspective asserts that personalities are made up of various traits that vary in degrees of strength. These traits are exemplified on a

Theories of personality, among many other theories in the field of psychology, must use some sort of scientific basis in order for the theory or research to be looked upon by others as credible. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, therefore it should be crucial for theories of personality to be evaluated according to scientific criteria. Forming a hypothesis, testing it out, observing, racking up data -- it should all be used during research. There needs to always be a theory in conjunction with research (Cloninger, S. 2013). Scientific criteria gives psychologists or reseachers a firm base to follow, which makes it easier to validate theories. Evaluating a theory based on personality without using scientific criteria

Northouse (2010) stated that the trait theory appears to be the first attempt to examine leadership effectiveness, in that, researchers attempted to find universal individual characteristics that might differentiate a leader from a nonleader (House & Aditya, 1997). However, one of the problems with the early trait studies was the insufficient information about reliability properties of the trait measures, which in turns appeared to influence the validity of the trait measures as well (House & Aditya, 1997). Furthermore, most of the earlier studies concerning leadership traits were done in the 1930s, but there was a re-emergence in the 1970s, with clarifications to address certain theoretical issues with previous studies on traits (House & Aditya,

The trait theory believes personality is innate and in our genes; therefore supports the nature and physiological approach to personality. This theoretical approach states that characteristics are stable and enduring, which enable behaviour to be predicted. Psychologists believe everyone consists of these traits, although to various degrees. Trait theory emphasises persons response and not the situation they are in. there are 2 major

Moderator: Good evening, and welcome to the Northcentral University?s debate on psychanalysis versus behaviorism. My name is Nisaa Kirtman and I am from the Department of Psychology. It?s an honor to be the moderator of tonight?s debate. The topic for tonight?s debate are the contrasts between the foundations of psychoanalytic theory, developed by Sigmund Freud, and behavioristic theory, developed by B.F. Skinner.

The first factor is the general intelligence or g, which refers to the mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures, and specific abilities or “s” which means that another component different than g, influences abilities on a particular task (notes, 10/24). In contrast to Spearman’s theory, I believe that specific abilities influence different things depending on the task, this being the reason why I think I can’t be good math but I can be good at other things. Another psychologist was Sternberg, who came up with the triarchic theory of intelligence, which include analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence. I accept Sternberg’s explicit theory of intelligence, since I consider these three factors to be related. For example, in order for a test to efficiently assess your knowledge, you have to pull on your creative intelligence so you can combine the information you know and use them in different ways to solve problems. Since you are engaging with the information learned, you will be able to apply your practical intelligence to solve issues in everyday life (Arnett, 2016). Finally, Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which include eight types of intelligence, these are linguistic, musical, logical/mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal,

Introversion was defined as “withdrawn and often shy, and they tend to focus on themselves, on their own thoughts and feelings” (Jung, 1923) Therefore focusing on this personality trait can help to better understand why people tend to be reserved and withdrawn from everyday life. Carl Jung was the creator of the neopsychoanalytical approach, which focused on psychic energy. While Gordon Allport and Hans Eysenck contributor to the trait theory, focused on biology and individualized traits. Jung, Eysenck and Allport focused on extrovert vs. introvert, yet had completely different ideas of how introversion is seen in everyday life. Personally believeing this trait is one I carry, focusing on completely different approaches will bring light to many explanations of why people act the way they do, including myself. By using both case studies and personal work from the works of Jung, Eysenck, and Allport researching introversion should not be a an issue. Although there is a lot of work to do with introversion, through this research one can get a better overview.

The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the