Different Environmental Conditions

Early farmers in Europe and elsewhere practiced shifting cultivation, also known as swidden agriculture.Although the lands around the Mediterranean seem to have shared a complex of crops and farming techniques, geographical barriers blocked the spread elsewhere. Rainfall patterns south of the Sahara favored locally domesticated grains—sorghums, millets, and (in Ethiopia) teff—over wheat and barley. In the Americas a decline of game animals in the Tehuacán° Valley of Mexico after 8000 B.C.E. increased people’s dependence on wild plants. Agriculture based on maize (corn) developed there about 3000 B.C.E. and gradually spread. The first domesticated animal, the dog, may have helped hunters track game well before the Neolithic period. Later, animals initially provided meat but eventually supplied milk, wool, and energy as well.Meat eating did not decline during the revolution.

Agriculture is only one of the many contributes to where we are today. Geographic location affects agriculture because each specific crop has needs, if you can’t meet those needs, then you can’t grow the crops. Some plants need super wet land and some need super dry land ,let’s say you live in Papua New Guinea they live closer the the equator so they have the same weather year round. So if you’re constantly getting the same amount of sunlight all year then you’ll only be able to grow the same crops over and over again. Papua New Guinea had sago, to get sago people there would have to cut down the sago tree, cut the sago tree in half and collect the sago inside. With sago you have to have a wet climate, the sago tree takes three or four days to prepare. Sago does not last long after it is prepared, sago is low in protein and uses more calories then it gives. But Fertile Crescent on the other hand live farther from the equator, so they end up getting four seasons while rotating around the sun.Which leads to an advantage in almost everything. A change in weather four times a year gives them a chance to plant and grow

Fertile Crescent had environmental advantages; therefore, it had had more resources than in Mesoamerica. For example, only llama or alpaca could be domesticated in Mesoamerica, and no sheep, goats, pigs, cattle, or horses were found in the Eastern hemisphere. Thus, the people in Mesoamerica had to find a source of protein, and they started relying more on hunting and fishing than domesticating. Had people also lacked mineral-rich cereal grains, so they grew squash, beans, and teosinte, an ancestral form of corn or maize, to supplicate themselves with dietary protein. On the other had, in the Fertile Crescent, they could domesticate more various kinds of species, since they had already existed in the Fertile Crescent. Rich cereal grains, barley, wheat, lentils, and figs could be grown, and people could intake sufficient nutrients. With existing animals and plants in the Fertile Crescent, people could breed animals to produce more different types of species, which could provide them plenty of food. Even though a blight would strike the plants, people would still have other foods that they could feed themselves with. As a result, people of the Fertile Crescent were able to have a longer lifespan, and a greater population than it did in Mesoamerica. With more people to work together with, agriculture was able to thrive more in the Fertile Crescent than in

2) In areas that supported crops, people began to plant there. Larger groups could live in still smaller areas. Trade routes

Economically, the Agricultural Revolution majorly impacted the way of life in the Europe, through new technological farming advancements and improved land efficiency, ultimately leading to a greater abundance of food. Compared to feudal society when people depended on small individual crop yields, many fields were combined in order to produce much larger harvests, increasing the bounty of food overall. Improved land efficiency came with new innovative ideas, including crop rotation. Allowing nutrients such as nitrogen to return to the soil, crop rotation along with fodder crops rotated the fields of crops every few years, leading to more successful yields of crops. Additional advancements in farming technology, such as the seed drill, helped

Much of the farming flourished in Mesoamerica, the Mexican valley of Tehuacan, is where the plant teosinte was specialized in becoming maize, the main crop of the Americas. They even learned that planting beans next to these crops enriched the soil to make them better. These great crops made for good trade with non-farming traders, due to their large surplus. Rich communities had become strong enough to capture their weaker neighbors and use them for labor and to gain riches such as land.

With the climate change it allowed most animals and plants to survive. Now people didn’t have to go seek for food it came to them.

Farming initially developed in the Middle East, the Fertile Crescent. Grains such as barley and wild wheat were abundant. Also, not heavily forested, and animals were in short supply, presenting a challenge to hunters. 10,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE. Notice: it took thousands of years for this “revolution” so not fast but profound for history. Agriculture was hard for many hunting and gathering peoples to adopt – lots of work. Those in agricultural communities developed diseases, which they became immune. The agricultural people would unintentionally infect the hunters.

b. Environment change and global warming caused the human population to experience a rapid growth. As more gatherers and hunters occupied the earth, more animals were being hunted. As a result of this, many megafaunal animals became extinct so the gatherers and hunters had to adjust their food supply. From the need of food came the discovery of agriculture. For the Iroquois, they built their villages around maize fields. The women would tend the crops and overlook the community, while the men would hunt.

When humans turned to agriculture, they had to depend on the weather for crop production and a good harvest, which did not always turn out to their favour. Neolithic farmers faced drought,

In the Americas and the Middle East, different animals were domesticated at different points due to the atmosphere or stability of nature. For example, in the Americas, the Olmecs planted their plants to agree with the soil and temperature. Fertile soil allowed crops to nourish in time and be ripe to eat. With this, the cultivation of squash, beans, and maize was planted. To the Olmecs, the climate was essential for domestication. Since the western hemisphere was mostly a warm region, most of the domesticated animals were primarily animals that can adapt to the warm circumstances. Another example is in the Middle East, irrigation was looked upon to help water get to the necessary places. Of these two regions, agricultural societies all depended on the location of the

The beneficial continental circumstances enjoyed by Eurasians first appears in vegetation. The Fertile Crescent was endowed with diverse, abundant, and highly productive cereals and pulses such as wheat, barley, and pea that yielded both starch and protein. These food staples were domesticated very quickly and with little effort by Eurasians, whose newfound farms gave rise to specialization and division of labor. Conversely, in the Americas, the sole cereal crop of corn took many more thousands of years of domesticated refinement to prove useful to humans. Mr. Diamond also places great emphasis on the geographic East-West orientation of Eurasia. A plant growing at a given latitude can grow at that latitude the world over. Thus, Eurasia's East-West orientation was highly conducive to the rapid spread (by trade) of productive domesticated grains across the continent. Conversely, the Americas, Africa, and Australia were impaired by their North-South orientation, which dictated that domesticated plants from people of one latitude were of little use to their neighbors to the North and South. Compounding the effect, the trade of agricultural technology in Eurasia ultimately led to trade in other things, such as technological advances, including writing and language

2. Food sources, especially cereal crops, were easy to domesticate due to the conveniences of having multiple tiny seeds and being able to spread the seeds in comparison to having to plant one bulb at a time, harvesting cereal takes less time and less effort.this process resulted in the production and development, advancement of survival in that environments.

The first settlers, finding that European agriculture could not easily be transferred to the new environment, adopted the Indian practices of raising corn, squash, tobacco, and other crops. From the beginning corn, grown in all the

     Agriculture has changed dramatically, especially since the end of World War II. Food and fibre productivity rose due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use, specialization and government policies that favoured maximizing production. These changes allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the food and fibre.