Different Methods Used For The Diagnosis Of The Cancer

• *Describe the structure and list the functions of the various epithelial tissues, including glandular epithelium. Reference Table 5.5.

In the video “The future of early cancer detection?” by Jorge Soto, he explained how detecting early stages of cancer is vital because it’ll save lives of many patients and loss of love ones. For example, Soto described how his aunt was suffering from back pains and how the doctor thought it was due to playing tennis and discarded the thoughts that it might be something more. As the aunt kept coming back to the doctor, they did a biopsy. But later on, they found out that Soto’s aunt was in stage three of cancer. After his story, Soto demonstrated a low-cost machine that can detect early signs of cancer. I believed with Soto that doctor won’t treat their patients until their patients start showing symptoms and by that time, their patients’ health

Mammography is a popular technique but it has its limitations especially in younger women and in denser breasts. The Computer-Aided-Diagnosis has been proposed for the medical prognosis [7-9]. The fuzzy logic and Artificial Neural Network form the basis of the intelligent systems. There are several instances where the artificial intelligence is used for the diagnosis of the breast cancer. The methods have included many Artificial Neural Networks architectures such as Convolution Neural Network [10], Radial Basis Network [11], General Regression Neural Network [11], Probabilistic Neural Network [11], Resilient Back propagation Neural Network [12], and hybrid with Fuzzy Logic [13]. In this paper [7] a supervised artificial neural network [14-16] was used to help classify the breast lesions into malignant and benign classes by processing the computer cytology images. The accuracy of the trained neural network was found to be 82.21%. The ANN has been established as a robust system for the diagnosis of breast cancer [18].There is a complex relationship between different biomarkers which were identified for the diagnosis of this cancer [19], the MLP neural network was simulated for the diagnosis using four biomarkers

Tissue samples that are obtained with one kind of biopsy may not give a clear diagnosis, and the biopsy may need to be repeated using a different method.

There are usually no symptoms or signs of CIN, and the diagnosis is most often based on biopsy findings following an abnormal routine cervical cytology smear. Because high-grade dysplasia probably is a transitional phase in the pathogenesis of many cervical cancers, early detection is extremely important. Based on the American Cancer Society guidelines, which were last revised in 2002, all women who have reached age 21 years, or who are 3 years past coitarche, should have a pelvic examination and collection of a cytologic smear. The cervical cytology smear should be performed annually in case of conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, and biannually if using liquid-based cytology. Once a patient is age 30 years or older and has had 3 consecutive

In the modern years, medical imaging has become a very important aspect of medical field since its origin in the 1970s Image processing has developed into an integral part of medical science ranging from PET scan to melanoma detection. Both the hardware and software required for Image processing have improved drastically resulting in today’s world where the medical professionals can recognise and diagnose thousands of diseases using this technology.

How is the diagnosis made? What particular clinical tests are used to make this diagnosis? This answer needs to be precise and specific. For example, “blood test” is not a sufficient answer. Your answer must indicate what cellular or molecular components are measured and how, and what particular parameters are used to make the disease diagnosis.

The last comparison between the two systems is what helps the radiologist improve a difficult diagnosis. Specifying whether a tumor is malignant or benign can be difficult in some cases. Therefore, the CS and DC point out distinctive characteristics of a malignant or benign tumor. A study was shown to prove that the CS and DC systems most often can differentiate tumors at the same rate. Multiple difficult images were passed through each system to see if their evaluations were

What is cancer? Cancer is a disease where cells split uncontrollably and can invade other tissues, causing cells in the other tissues to have cancer. Where can cancer occur? Cancer can occur practically anywhere in the body. This is because cancerous cells can move anywhere in the amatomy through blood paths and lymph systems (lymph systems are lattice of organs, lymph intersections (nodes), tubes, and vessels that move lymph, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, from place to place. (- http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer )

When the doctor says to the patient that he has a tumor the first question comes to his mind if it is malignant or benign, but there is an important information that people do not know. Malignant and benign tumors have similar characteristics. First of all, a benign tumor can become a huge mass. Similarly, a malignant tumor has different sizes. For example, since scientists discovered the disease until these days they have been removed billions of masses weighing over a hundred pounds of malignant and benign tumors. In 2012, a Vietnamese man underwent a 12-hour operation to remove a 200-pound tumor from his leg. Nevertheless, it depends on how fast the cells are separating. Like the malignant tumor, benign tumor can be treated. For instance,

How is a greater understanding of genetics fuelling a change in our diagnosis and treatment of cancer?

A carcinoma showing components of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma with each comprising at least 10% of the tumour.

In this century, more than one hundred types of cancers have been discovered, and enormous medical efforts have been made all over the world to fight these cancers. Although medicine has come a long way in this field, different cancers are still emerging and are still claiming the lives of millions. One of these cancers that has gained ongoing support and awareness is breast cancer. Breast cancer has been and is currently an ongoing battle that people encounter all over the world. In 1940, women had a one-in-twenty chance of developing the disease, but current data indicates that one-out-of-eight women have a chance of developing breast cancer over their lifetime (Dollinger, M., Rosenbaum, E. H., & Ko, A. H. pp 425). According to the National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations (NABCO, 2002), breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer in women in the United States; falling only behind skin cancers. Even more shocking is that more than roughly 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer, making it the second major cause of cancer related death, preceded only by lung cancer (Washington and Leaver , 867). According to the National Cancer Institute, every three minutes, somewhere in the world, a woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. Not only are these figures shocking, but also show that women need to be proactive and aware of their bodies. Although there is currently no known cure for breast cancer, knowledge of the disease, early detection,

Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.

Modern medicine has undergone major advancements over the past years. One of these developments include the capacity to retrieve crucial information about the human body and its health beyond the use of manual diagnostic techniques. This is referred to as Medical or Diagnostic Imaging.