Essay on Different Types of Theories in Intelligence

Ever since Spearman proposed the intelligence theory with G factor, there were several other intelligence theories proposed in response or as an alternative to Spearman’s. Among those, Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory would be the most influential ones as they are widely accepted and used in real life. Both of the theories share a critical view towards the unitary perspective which is the traditional definition of intelligence. However, the two theories differ in which they don’t agree with what factors should be the measures of intelligence, as well as the emphasis of the two theories.

Charles Spearman's model of intelligence and Howard Gardner's multiple intelligence theory are two of the most widely used theories of intelligence. In order to understand how similar the two theories are we must first understand their differences. These two men differed in opinion on how IQ and intelligence should be measured, and they differed in opinion on what made a person "smart". In order to examine these things they first had to understand the human brain and how it works. They had to examine the human study habits and rituals, along with the human test taking habits.

     A renowned professor of education and psychology at Harvard University, Howard Gardner has radically changed the way we look at intelligence. In 1983 Gardner published the first of two books that theorize that there are multiple intelligences. Gardner believes “that human cognitive competence is better described in terms of a set of abilities, talents, or mental skills, which we call “intelligence” (378). Gardner’s theory dismisses the idea that intelligence is a single attribute of the mind and suggests that there are different types of intelligences that account for different human

There are many different ways that people can be intelligent. Over the past few weeks I have been reading fiction and non-fictions on how people can have different types of intelligence. In fact here are the seven different ways people can be intelligent; musical, existential, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, naturalist, and/or spatial. Intelligence isn’t defined by a single ability, but it’s about the many types of related abilities. People can have more than one type of intelligence, but some are stronger than others. People can be intelligent by having logical-mathematical, interpersonal, and linguistic skills.

Gottfredson, (1997) stated that intelligence is ‘a very general mental capability that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience.

Intelligence by definition is “the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills” (Oxford Dictionary, 2014). However, many psychologists argue that there is no standard definition of ‘intelligence’, and there have been many different theories over time as psychologists try to find better ways to define this concept (Boundless 2013). While some believe in a single, general intelligence, others believe that intelligence involves multiple abilities and skills. Another largely debated concept is whether intelligence is genetically determined and fixed, or whether is it open to change, through learning and environmental influence. This is commonly known as the nature vs. nurture debate.

“Not because you think you know everything without questioning, but rather because you question everything you think you know.”What is intelligence? Some think its only academic smarts others think there are different types of intelligences. Some examples of the multiple intelligences, like artistic, emotional, and logical mathematical. Artistic intelligence is being able to paint, and make sculptures with ease. Emotional intelligence includes interpersonal which refers to knowing others feeling, and intrapersonal which regers with knowing your own feelings. Also logical mathematical deals with being good with math, but also being connected to it somehow.

Intelligence as defined by the Cambridge dictionary is the ability to learn, understand, and make judgments or have opinions that are based on reason.1 There is much debate and controversy on this subject and psychologists do not all agree upon a standard definition. Yet, one of the very first definitions of intelligence was developed by the psychologists responsible for the development of the first intelligence test, Binet and Simon (1905) who argued that the essence of intelligence is: ‘to judge well, to comprehend well, to reason well’.2 Another sample definition was provided later by Heim, in 1970, who argued that ‘intelligent activity consists in grasping the essentials in a situation and responding appropriately to them’.3 There are also arguments surrounding how many different types of intelligence there are, as well as the intelligence theories of psychology. However elusive, we can ascertain that all psychologists have universally agreed upon general intelligence (g), an expression devised by the English psychologist Charles Spearman and defined as ‘a mental attribute called on for virtually any task’.4 This essay will inform the reader of the different methods proposed and used by psychologists to assess ability and discuss their evaluations.

Intelligence is acquired in many different ways. It describes the ability of someone's way of thinking, planning, learning, and understanding problems and situations that may appear in one's life. As we grow up, we start to ask ourselves how intelligence affects our way of birth and as well as in our daily lives. Questions and curiosity will always knock our innocent minds.

People can be intelligent in many different ways. Howard Gardener came up with a list of eight different types of intelligences. They include visual-spatial , interpersonal , intrapersonal , linguistic , bodily-kinesthetic , logical-mathematical , musical , naturalistic , and existential. Two main ways that you could demonstrate intelligence are through intrapersonal and interpersonal. They sound similar but are actually completely opposite. Intrapersonal has to do with what goes on within a person. Someone who is intrapersonal has the ability to understand their emotions , know their limits , and is connected to who they are and how they feel. Interpersonal has to do with people’s relationships with other people. Someone who is interpersonal

Knowing the various forms of intelligence and learning strategies can help develop a better understanding of how you take in new information and better help your life learning.

What determines intelligence? According to Howard Gardner, intelligence cannot be universally subjected to one exclusive element. In his book Frames of Mind, he expands the dimension of intelligence through pluralizing the term to recognize different kinds of aptitudes. Originally, Gardner acknowledged that there were seven different branches of intelligence. Today, one’s intelligence can be understood in terms of nine different types. These multiple intelligences can be classified into the following categories: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, and existential. However, these multiple branches are not entirely independent from one another,

Charles Spearman first described the existence of general intelligence in 1904. General intelligence, also known as g factor, refers to the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance

The first form is analytic intelligence. This is whereby people are able to think and evaluate information. (Jacobson, Mulick, Rojahn, 2007). It involves familiar circumstances where abstract thinking is applied. (Sternberg, 2005).The second is creative intelligence. This is demonstrated by how people deal with unfamiliar situations and experiences. Practical intelligence is the way in which people adapt to their surroundings in a positive way. (Jacobson, Mulick, Rojahn, 2007). Sterbergs theory implies that intelligence is demonstrated by a person’s ability to deal with normal tasks and everyday situations. (Jacobson et al., 2007). Sternberg believed that tests and exams often ignored the creative and practical intelligence. For the theory as a

Ever since the inception of Psychology as a scientific field people have wondered of the origins ,& factors of Intelligence. Thinkers from as early as the Greek school of philosophy pondered what made one man smart ,and another dull. Early england thought that they could correlate the size of a man’s head with his intelligence. Though it was only when psychologists started testing people using exams aimed at cognitive processes did real scientific theories start to emerge. The question I began with when starting this project is, What theory of intelligence most accurately models it? My question came from going over some college board sources over intelligence ,& wondering about it’s various theories So with a significant amount of