Different Ways Of Knowing Were Used

Although theorists have been the essence of sense-making in nursing, I believe all of us as nurses can, and should, be actively involved in the sense-making process. It is

Emancipatory knowing is just one form of knowledge development used to create the underlying structure of nursing as a profession; Carper (1978) also explains that the different categories of knowing help to define the direction and authenticity of the field. Understanding emancipatory knowing, in congruence, with the other forms of knowing will allow practitioners to stand atop a foundation “on

designed to guide the practice of nursing” (Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, 2012). Nursing theories can help patients, managers and other healthcare professionals to recognize what and how much that nurses do contribute to the healthcare field. I never did realize how important theories in nursing practice could be until I became a nursing student myself. Nurses use theories in their everyday practice, but never think about them as being

The knowing addresses how nurses understand the knowledge. The doing of nursing entails the actions of nurses, bringing both knowledge and practice together (Butts and Rich, 2015). The four patterns of knowing, developed by Carper, include empirics. ethics, aesthetics, and personal knowledge. Empirical knowledge is the scientific aspect of knowing. It is based on general knowledge, and usually shared with other disciplines such sociologists and psychologists. Ethical knowledge involves morals and judgement. This is used when determining right or good acts in nursing practice, ensuring that the best decision is made and is right for the patient. Aesthetic knowledge, the art aspect of nursing, involve of the nurse’s understanding and acknowledgment of other’s living experiences. Showing empathy and respect to patients as they experience their life’s journey. Personal knowledge entails self-awareness and others, and interpersonal skills. These four patterns of knowing shows that nursing practice consist of holistic patient care, and not being solely scientific

According to Carper, one pattern described in the pattern of knowing is aesthetics. Aesthetics is essentially empathy, or having the capacity to understand what another person is experiencing (Carper, 1978). Aesthetics is purely subjective, exclusive, and open to interpretation. “Aesthetics require from the nurse to be fully engaged in the moment of the experience and interpret a client situation all at once by elucidating the meaning of the process and looking beyond the situation to focus on what might be (envisioning), so as to act according to what has been envisioned (Mantzorou & Mastrogiannis, 2011, p. 253). In essence, aesthetics is the process of nursing that involves caring for our

Carper (1978) identified four fundamental patterns of knowing which are (1) empirics, or the science of nursing; (2) personal knowledge; (3) esthetics, or the art of nursing; and (4) ethics, or the moral component of nursing. The purpose of this discussion is to explain how each pattern of knowing affects this author’s practice, and to identify the author’s preferred paradigm and provide justification for choosing this paradigm.

Barbara Carper’s Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing explains the several patterns of knowing as they impact nursing theory development. Carper identified four types of knowing in nursing. These four types of patterns of knowing are: empirical knowing, aesthetics, ethical knowing and personal knowing. This author will analyze these four patterns of knowing and how they relate to nursing today.

Carper’s ways of knowing provide a fundamental source of information regarding nursing knowledge and practice. Any professional field is built around a variety of knowledge tenets, which help to organize ideas, test those ideas, and then apply them. Carper’s ways of knowing outline fundamental patterns of deriving knowledge and building experience as far as teaching and the practice of nursing are concerned (Zander, 2007). These patterns are used to explain or develop theory in the teaching of nursing, besides helping practitioners to build more knowledge and to enhance their practice. Carper’s ways of knowing identifies four different patterns of knowledge, which are analyzed in this case within their syntactical and conceptual frameworks. They include empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic.

Carper’s ways of knowing provide a fundamental source of information regarding nursing knowledge and practice. Any professional field is built around a variety of knowledge tenets, which help to organize ideas, test those ideas, and then apply them. Carper’s ways of knowing outline fundamental patterns of deriving knowledge and building experience as far as teaching and the practice of nursing are concerned (Zander, 2007). These patterns are used to explain or develop theory in the teaching of nursing, besides helping practitioners to build more knowledge and to enhance their practice. Carper’s ways of knowing identifies four different patterns of knowledge, which are analyzed in this case within their syntactical and conceptual frameworks. They include empirical, personal, ethical, and aesthetic.

Throughout the development of theory in the discipline of nursing there are concepts of knowledge that are fundamental. Four of these patterns of knowing were first explored by Carper (1978) which included: empirical knowing, ethical knowing, personal knowing, and aesthetic knowing. Later, an additional facet was added by Chinn and Kramer (2008) which introduced emancipitory knowing. While all of these forms of knowledge are critical for holistic nursing care, this paper will place an emphasis on personal knowledge and how it contributes to the development of knowledge within nursing and the roles of advanced care practitioners.

On arrival at the ED, the physician auscultates muffled heart tones, no breath sounds on the right, and faint sounds on the left. A.W. is

When looking at Nursing as a profession, it is important to identify the body of knowledge which pertains to its profession. According to Carper (1978) the body of knowledge that serves as a rationale for nursing practice has patterns, forms and structure. Understanding these patterns is essential for the teaching and learning of nursing as a profession. Carper (1978) identifies four fundamental patterns of knowing and are known to be empirics, ethical, aesthetics and personal knowledge. Chinn & Kramer (2008) added the fifth pattern to knowing called Emancipatory knowing to address the issues of equality and justice. This essay will explain the five ways of knowing and show how it relates to my nursing practice.

Carper's Way of Knowing- In 1978, Barbara Carper, Professor of Nursing at Texas Woman's University, proposed patterns of healthcare knowing in a journal article in Advances in Nursing Science. Her rationale was that there needed to be a guide that would act as a developmental tool for nurses so that they could share their experience and enhance the goals of patient management, education, and further research (Carper, 1978). Like Jean Watson's Theory of Caring, many experts in the nursing field

So I bring up this controversial topic again, about both mental and physical health and how important it is to take some time out of our crazy busy lives as nurses just to sit with our patients for a few minutes to discuss their pain. By pain, I mean both mental and physical pain. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a situation I was involved in as a nursing student in the clinical setting and how I can critically analyze this situation using Carper’s Fundamental Patterns of Knowing in Nursing (1978). This model has helped many practitioners to consider what they learn throughout reflection on their experience within a holistic way.

Historically, the nursing discipline has borrowed its basis for knowledge and practice from other disciplines (Weaver & Olson, 2006). Today, inquiry specific to nursing is continually changing and growing, as nurses are increasingly interested in developing their own unique body of knowledge. This interest results partially from the emergence of nursing paradigms in recent years. According to Weaver & Olson (2006), paradigms are practices and beliefs that manage our knowledge by proving a framework with which to utilize within our profession, and to guide nursing research. A paradigm shapes our quest for epistemological awareness (Weaver & Olson, 2006). Examples of paradigms common within nursing are empirical, interpretive, and critical paradigms. While each paradigm is unique with sometimes competing focuses, each contributes greatly to nursing knowledge, practice, and research.