Differential Diagnoses And Physical Examination

The scarlet fever is a bacterial illness. The fever is a result of strep throat; after a victim has strep throat it can then develop into scarlet fever. The illness lives in the nose and throat of humans. Since it is found in these areas, it can be easily spread through the air by a cough or sneeze. It can be spread from drinking or eating after someone who is infected. It can also be spread if one comes in contact with somewhere that an infected person coughed or sneezed, then touches their eyes, mouth, or nose. (Mayo Clinic)

BB’s skin presents as pink, warm and dry. No obvious signs or symptoms of abnormal bruising or lesions present however, the patient states that the skin has of late has

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection that causes a red rash on the skin. It is caused by a toxin producing organism called Streptococcus pyogenes. This organism is rarely seen in well developed countries. The age group it affects is typically six to twelve year olds, however; all age groups can have the infection. The modern form of scarlet fever “...in children is now causing toxic shock-like syndrome (TSLS), an acute and

Patient is a 9 year old adolescent male, presents with a 2 day history of itching encrusted sores especially around the mouth area. Parent is using OTC antibiotic ointment with no improvement, no recent history of fever. Parent states that pat recently visited a petting zoo

Mr. .J. is a 30 year old Caucasian male presented to the Emergency Department with symptoms of myalgia, fever, rash, swollen glands, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Mr. J. reported fever and sore throat started about a week ago and the rash presented today. Mr. J. stated “I thought I had the flu but I am not feeling any better and now I have a rash, that’s why I decided to come to the E.D.”. (Health and Human Services panel, 2013)

The reddish-purple rash usually appears 3–5 days after the first symptoms begin. The rash often starts on the wrists and ankles. It may then spread to the palms, the soles of the feet, the legs, and the trunk.

If a streptococcal infection such as pharyngitis or scarlet fever is left untreated, there is a small (~3%) chance that within approximately 20 days, the patient will present with rheumatic fever. After the first bout of rheumatic fever, if the host acquires a second untreated S. Pyogenes infection, the chance of coming down with rheumatic fever jumps substantially to ~50%. Most often this secondary disease will strike people aged 6-15 years old, roughly 20 days after the streptococcal infection, with a 2-5% mortality rate. One of the major diagnostic symptoms of this disease is Erythema Marginatum, snake- or ring-like eruptions covering the trunk, upper arms, and legs. Other symptoms include fever, arthritis (elbows, knees, wrists, and ankles), swollen joints, pain in the abdomen, nodules

One to five days of fever and malaise may precede the appearance of the exanthemas, which begin as macules, followed by papules, then vesicles, and finally pustules. These will form crusts which fall off after two weeks, leaving pink scars that will fade slowly. In affected areas, the lesions are generally found in the same stage of development. Lesions are most abundant on the face and less on the trunk. Variola major is stable in the extracellular environment. It is most commonly transmitted by respiratory spread. Also, the dried virus in crusts from skin lesions can survive on clothes or other materials and can be transmitted to the others. Patients are highly infectious during the first week of rash after the fever began. Respiratory droplets are infectious earlier than skin

In the late 18th century a new disease appeared called Scarlet Fever. Scarlet fever is an infection caused by streptococcus. This caused a sore throat, fever, and a very red rough rash that started in the torso area and would soon spread over the entire body. Scarlet fever mainly targeted children from the age of four to the age of eight. But anyone can get Scarlet fever. It would almost look like the person infected had been badly sunburnt. The tongue and lymph nodes would also become very swollen after the person had caught Scarlet fever.

Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) can be challenging to diagnose. Each patient can have different symptoms which can resemble other common diseases. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is characterized by a sudden onset of moderate to high fever (which can last for two or three weeks), severe headache, fatigue, deep muscle pain, chills and rash. (Idph, 2016). The rash can appear on the legs or arms, soles of the feet, palms of hands and spread rapidly to the rest of the body. Although most patients get a rash there are times in which a rash does not appear at all. There is no specific diagnostic test for this disease that is why it is so hard to diagnose. One test for RMSF includes a biopsy of the skin rash. Routine blood tests may be performed,

a. Measles is a highly contagious disease spread by mucous from the nose or mouth. Its symptoms include fever, rash, and painful red eyes. Thus, leaving children absent from school for two weeks for recovery ("Symptoms of measles, mumps and rubella.").

Symptoms include, irritability, bilateral non-purulent conjunctival injection, erythema of the oropharynx, dryness and fissuring of the lips, “strawberry tongue,” cervical lymphadenopathy, a polymorphous rash, erythema of the urethral meatus, tachycardia, and edema of the extremities. During this stage the patient may also have pericardial, myocardial, endocardial, and coronary artery inflammation. Diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki disease include, bilateral conjunctival injection without exudate, polymorphous rash that may be urticarial or pruritic, Inflammatory changes in the lips and oral cavity, changes in the extremities, such as peripheral edema, erythema of the palms and soles, cervical lymphadenopathy that is often unilateral, anterior cervical (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Starr & Blosser,

Grif Alspach (2015) also reports that the virus can remain in the air and on surfaces for two hours after the infected person has left the area. Measles symptoms appear 7 to 21 days after exposure, beginning as mentioned above as fever, malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, and these symptoms are noticed 3 to 4 days before the rash is noticed (Grif Alspach, 2015). The infected person is known to be contagious four days before and four days after the rash appears (Grif Alspach, 2015). Any person not receiving the vaccination as recommended and traveling to areas in the world where measles is more common is at risk for contracting the illness (Grif Alspach, 2015). Also noted as a complicating risk factor is having a vitamin A deficiency, which could make a child more susceptible to complications with measles such as encephalitis (Grif Alspach, 2015).

In considering a differential diagnosis of ADHD and a learning disability, there are a few specifics that school counselors should consider. Children with hyperactivity underachieve because of their difficulty attending in the classroom, low rates of academic engagement, and inconsistent work completion (DuPaul et al., 2008). Children with a diagnosis of ADHD, behaviors are pervasive, exhibited in both the home and school environments, and impair academic and social functioning (Barkley, 2003). In differentiating the symptoms of hyperactivity disease with other mental health disorders, the authors have noted that similar symptoms of inattention have been found in children who have mental retardation. Symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder should also be differentiated with hyper activeness, although many children are diagnosed with both. Distinguishing between

To begin with , rash in measles start with rosy spots at the brow and the back of the ears , after that it extent along the neck , trunk , arms and lastly the legs as well as it might band together on the face . Moreover these noticeable diagnostic signs appear in 3 to 4 days , however this rash rarely itch . The most obvious sign that can be definite by doctors is Koplik’s spots which is very small white spots inside the kid’s mouth .