Digestive Lab Report

Digestion starts in mouth and it is going through several steps. Teeth which are a Mechanical digestion start tearing and crushing the food down into small pieces so that the food will smoothly run down our throat. The salivary glands are located underneath the back of our tongues and that’s what is creating our saliva. The saliva is the Chemical Digestion is helping soften the food in the mouth so it is easy to swallow. Also saliva is the first out of several chemicals that is breaking the food into smaller bits. The tongue is the muscle that works with the food and saliva to form something similar to balls that can be swallowed. Also tongue contains taste buds so that we know if the food is salt, sweet, sour or bitter. Esophangus is a simple transportation tube that is joining the throat with stomach. When swallowing we are closing a trap door in our throats called the epiglottis. By closing this trap we are preventing the food prom going to trachea and into our lungs. Also Food moves down the esophangus using muscles not gravity. Stomach is the first stop after the Esophangus. When the food gets into stomach the stomach uses chemicals to try to make the food smaller. These chemicals are called gastric juices and they include hydrochloric acid and enzymes. (Enzymes are

Digestion is a complicated process that uses many different processes to digest food efficiently. It is necessary for not only us but for almost every organism. A major part in digestion is pH or how acidic or basic a substance is. pH helps digestion happen, the question is for the Stentor and the Rotifers at what pH ranges does their digestion occur? We will test that by using pH indicators, and observing the digestion happen under the microscope.

Inflamed tissues from Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients show increased oxidative and nitrosative damage, leading to accumulation of mutations and dysplastic progression27,28. Infiltrating leukocytes from these patients have increased ROS production in basal conditions and in response to different ligands29. Since TLR4 mediates ROS production in leukocytes22, it is easy to speculate that immune cells drive pro-tumorigenic effects of TLR4. However, bone marrow-transfer experiments in our lab demonstrate that non-immune TLR4 participates in development of neoplasia8. Furthermore, we have shown that epithelial TLR4 activation predisposes to colitis and CAC6. To understand the role of epithelial TLR4 in neoplasia, our research has focused on the

Thirty seconds ago I was in my blueberry bush as a blueberry enjoying the sun, but now I am in the mouth of the human, in the process of being digested. The enzymes in the saliva started to chemically digest me, at the same time I was being mechanically torn and crushed by all thirty two teeth. Teeth are used to break down large pieces of food into smaller pieces so it is easier to digest. I was now going down pharynx and moving my way into the oesophagus. I saw the epiglottis close up as I was being pushed down, in a way called peristalsis. Peristalsis is the contraction and relaxing of muscles which push food. I continue my way down the oesophagus and find myself in contact with the gastric juices found in the stomach. The gastric juices

The normal process of digestion of sugar in the body: 1. After the sugar gets to the stomach, it is broken down into pieces due to the stomach acid. 2. The stomach empties the sugar into your intestines where it becomes monosaccharide. 3.

Digestive System Test Date _______ Name ___________________________________________ Ch ____ Quiz __________ Activity _____ Test _____= 1 ____________________the part of food your body needs? 2. ________ _ needed for growth, repair tissue? 3.

Now that the food has been chewed well, it is now swallowed into esophagus. Esophagus is a long tube which acts as a path to the main digestive organ: the stomach. However, it is important to note that it's not just a carrier of the food but also a digestive organ itself. The enzymes secreted in the esophagus further facilitate the digestion process. The esophagus is a long muscular tube. I can feel its rhythmic motion while I am moving down the tube along with the food. This rhythmic motion helps the food to reach the stomach. I can't help noticing the gall bladder while passing by the liver while entering into stomach (Netter, 2006).

Label the 3 test tubes with your initials and number each 1,2, and 3. (This allows for them to be distinguished)

The percent error 52.1% is not to be a determination of how well the enzymes worked or the calibration accuracy, as the Gatorade had other carbohydrates such as sucrose syrup and fructose. While sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose, hydrolysis is required to unbind the two saccharides (2). One way to carry out hydrolysis is using heterogeneous catalysts, in which the phase differs from the reactants (article). However, in this lab the sugar digested was created with a boiling water bath along with sulfuric acid to induce hydrolysis (lab manual). The digestion was later stabilized with sodium hydroxide to reach a PH rage of 5.90 to 6.50.

A fecal sample inside a swab tube was obtained and stored at -20 C until DNA extraction. DNA was extracted from the sample using the Eppendorf EpMotion 5075 robot obtained from Eppendorf’s main website. Fecal samples obtained were taken out of the -20 C and placed to thaw. 20 microliters of Broad-spectrum serine protease; endopeptidase K and 20 microliters of lysozyme were added. Samples were then placed in a freezer at -80 C for thirty minutes and then taken out to thaw at 40 C for sixty minutes a total of 3 times. 75 microliiters of sodium dodecyl sulfate was then added to the samples and left to incubate in a 65 C water bath for 120 minutes.

The primary function of the digestive system is to transfer nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the food consume into the body’s internal environment. The ingested food is essential as an energy source, or fuel, from which the cells can generate ATP to carry out their particular energy-dependent activities such as contraction, transport, synthesis, secretion and even renewal of body tissues. Three primary categories of food ingested by humans which are carbohydrates, proteins and fats emerge as large molecules. These large molecules cannot cross plasma membranes intact to be absorbed from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph; hence, it must undergo degradation in size (Sherwood, 2013). This

Pick your favorite food. Describe what happens to it as it passes from your mouth to your colon. What are the major steps along the way: My favorite food being watermelon will go on a relatively quick trip through the digestive system. The first obvious stage is when the watermelon enters the mouth, inside it is crushed by the teeth into an easy to swallow state of basically being water. When it hits the bottom of the stomach, cell signaling will being and trigger the gastric juice to begin digesting it further. Almost all the the sugar will be injected into the blood, and anything left over will be further broken down to be stored or

Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the

Most of us think that the process that takes place in our stomach after we eat a meal it’s very easy and simple when the truth is that it’s a very complex process. The process of digestion starts even with the simple thought of food, after that the body starts preparing the stomach for the food that is about to be eaten. The food goes then through our mouth into our stomach, where is digested and dumped into the intestines to be thrown away. In order for our stomach to digest the food completely, it has to go through three different stages and that’s where the process of digestion occurs. The first stage it’s called cephalic phase, in this stage or phase, the brain perceives any sight, smell or taste of food, sending impulses to the brainstem

Carbohydrates are the product that made up from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are form by the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional group in it which is the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups.A reducing sugar is a type of sugar with is an aldehyde group.This means that sugar can act as a reducing agent.The procces of reducing sugar is isomerisation,example of reducing sugar islactose,maltose,glucose and fructose.All monosaccharides are capable of reducing other chemicals such as copper (II) sulphate to copper oxide.Beside that disaccharides such as maltose and lactose are reducing sugar,however sucrose is non reducing