Digestive System Lab Report

The esophagus receives food from the mouth after swallowing and then delivers it to the stomach. The stomach holds food which it is being mixed with enzymes which continue the process of breaking down the food into a useable form. When the contents of the stomach are processed they are released into the small intestine. In the small intestine food is broken down by enzymes released from the pancreas and bile from the liver, the food is moved through and mixed with digestive secretions. The small intestine is made up of three segments the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, the jejunum and the ileum are mainly responsible from the absorption of nutrients in to the bloodstream. These contents start out semi-solid and end in a liquid form after passing through the organ. Water, bile, enzymes and mucous change its consistency, one the nutrients have been absorbed it then moves onto the large intestine. The large intestine connects to the rectum and is specialised in processing water so that emptying the bowels is easy.

The digestion of the stomach wall is disallowed by its mucus lining. The food in the stomach takes about three to four hours in the stomach before the semi liquid chyme is passed through the pyloric sphincter bit by bit into the small intestines.

It contains many circular folds that increase the surface area of the functional mucous membrane. Enterocytes are cells found in the upper part of each villus and secrete enzymes for the digestion and absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Not having the villi within the inner surface of small intestine makes the body is unable to absorb nutrients essential for health and growth. Instead, nutrients such as fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals are eliminated in the stool (NIDDK, 2018).

What are the three sections of the large intestine and what roles does each play in digestion or absorption?

Instead the pancreatic juice, which is the most important digestive juice, contains mainly water and enzymes such as: Amylase (breaks down carbohydrates/starch into glucose), Protease (breaks down proteins into amino acids) and Lipase which breaks down lipids (with the aid of bile) into triglycerides. It also contains sodium bicarbonate able to neutralize the hydrochloric acid present in the chyme. Through the lining of the small intestine I can also see numerous “brush border" enzymes which are further breaking down products of digestion into absorbable particles; these enzymes constitute the intestinal juice and particularly digest polysaccharides transforming them in monosaccharaides (Maltase, Sucrase and Lactase), (Patton & Thibodeau, 2008). The chyme now is entering in the jejunum (the second portion of the small intestine) where digestion continues and absorption begins. I notice that the jejunum contains numerous villi but less Brunner's glands, it also presents many large circular folds called plicae circulares (Pansky, 2007). These circular folds increase the surface area for nutrient absorption; in fact the absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place here. Now the chyme and I are entering into the ileum which is the final and longest segment of the small intestine. This tract of the

Trace and discuss the complete movement of a bolus of food entering and exiting the human via the digestive system.

Once again we have been miniaturized in the submarine to continue the fantastic voyage of the digestive system. We will be touring a 55-year-old male. The host will be having a hamburger, French fries, and a root beer. We will be tracing lunch through the digestion process. Digestion is the process of turning the food that is ate into energy needed to survive and involves creating waste to be eliminated. (Mohan, 2010). The digestive tract is a long twisting tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus, called the alimentary canal. The wall of this tube is fashioned of four layers of tissue. The layers are listed from the inside coat to the outside coat: mucosa or mucus membrane, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The hollow space

Unlike human saliva, this mucus does not contain digestive enzymes, and only purpose is to aid the process of swallowing. The food then progresses into the pharynx, where the gill clefts are located. The pharynx acts as a passageway between the mouth and the oesophagus. Constructed of two layers of non-striated muscle, the oesophagus carries the food through to the gizzard, making use of mucus cells which assist in this process. Digestion begins in the gizzard, as it is a muscular modification of the first section of the stomach. The gizzard grinds coarse foods into smaller pieces, and secretes digestive enzymes into the

The small intestine continues breaking down the food and absorbs most of the nutrients. The liver and the pancreas release bile and enzymes into the small bowel to aid in this process. The small intestine joins the large intestine or large bowel, a muscular tube about five feet long. The first part of the large bowel, called the colon continues to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the food matter and serves as a storage place for waste matter. The waste matter left after this process goes into the rectum, the final 6 inches, or so of the large bowel. From there, it passes out of the body through the anus.

The muscle contractions in the stomach causes the bolus to turn into chyme, a food mixture with a watery like texture. The chyme now enters the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter at the base of the stomach, which regulates the rate at which chyme is released into the small

One day me and my friends were going to science class, we were so excited to go because we were doing an experiment on the digestive system the whole class went except tommy, when told him to stay to keep the class safe. When we left he opened a bag of chips and we sat in his hand and he ate us. First we went inside the mouth were tommy cut and grinds and triggered his chemical in saliva glands to work with the mechanism of the tongue salivary glands in your mouth makes salivary amylase, which begins the digestive process by breaking down starch when you chew your food,that's how the food into was cut into smaller pieces, after that he swallowed the food and we went down the esophagus we saw epiglottis which is a flexible flap at the end of the larynx connecting it to the throat, it acts like a switch permitting air to pass through as you swallow the food, then we saw the peristalsis , a peristalsis is a muscle contracting in a wave like motion to move the food to the stomach after that we saw the lining of the esophagus, the lining of that esophagus is called a mucosa it runs down the windpipe and heart in front of the spinal cord to prevent food from just dropping into the windpipe, this is starting the digestion process, after that it takes us down the stomach, then

The stomach mixes the highly acidic gastric juices and enzymes with the chyme to prepare the nutrients absorption in the small intestine. The food does not stay in the pancreas, liver, or gallbladder but simply passes by it. These digestive organs aid in the chemical digestion of chyme as it passes into the small intestine. After staying in the stomach four a few hours and passing by the pancreas, liver and gallbladder, it will go to the small intestine (Primal Pictures). Once the food is in the small intestine, it will take three to five hours from entry at the duodenum to exit from the ileum. The small intestine takes part in the further chemical digestion and absorption of the food. The nutrients from the Chinese food will pass through the wall of the small intestine and into the bloodstream so that the nutrients can spread throughout the rest of the body. The surface area for absorption will increase through tiny projections called villi. The unabsorbed portion of the bolus then enters the large intestine. Once the food remains have reached the large intestine it can take up anywhere between 10 hours to several

The mechanical digestion also known as the physical process of breaking down the food with no introduction of chemical. The teeth chews and break down the food in the mouth and is the first step in the digestion process known as ingestion. The food is moves from the mouth down into the alimentary cannel as soon as the surface area of the food is for a swallowing process and is ready for mobility. Inside the mouth carbohydrates starts digestion through the salivary amylase which also incorporates the mechanical and chemical digestion,

Digestion in the colon consists of two main mechanisms, the first one is mechanical digestion in which digestion starts when the chyme passes through ileocecal sphincter; the characteristic movement of the colon is haustral churning in which colon walls contract and squeeze contents into the second haustrum. The final digestion mechanism is chemical digestion in which microorganisms that inhabit the lumen of large intestine digest and ferment colon contents and release gases as carbon dioxide, two mechanisms are challanging drug absorption from the colon. [11]

You use your mouth to chew your food, causing it to break down in pieces hence using the process of mechanical digestion, and you also use your mouth to form an enzyme known as amylase, or saliva which breaks down your food chemically, for instance when your saliva touches the bread from your sandwich it begins to form into sugars. Incase you did not know “enzymes are chemicals that are used to break down foods into other chemicals”. Saliva can also help you swallow the food by lubricating and “breaking down the complex carbohydrates into simple carbohydrates.”