CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
On systems that perform real-time processing of data, performance is often limited by the processing capability of the system [1]. Therefore, in order to judge the efficiency of any system it is very important that we evaluate the performance of the architectures based on which the system is being built. We can also state that we can make a system more efficient and more capable by working upon the algorithm on which the system is being built. The more efficient the algorithm is the more efficient will be our system and vice versa. It is assumed that the way in which this chapter is written will provide the source of motivation for the thesis, it will also give an insight of the work which is done and it is organized in the thesis.
1.1 Motivation
Digital signal processing (DSP) has been a major player in the current technical advancements such as noise filtering, system identification, and voice prediction [2]. But, standard DSP techniques, are not equipped enough to solve these problems effectively and obtain almost desirable results. Adaptive filtering is an answer to the problem and is being implemented to promote accurate solutions and a timely convergence to that solution. Therefore, because of the high end capabilities of the adaptive techniques these are being widely implemented in the fields like radar, communications, seismology, mechanical design and biomedical electronic equipments.
No matter how sophisticated adaptive
Norton (Ed.). (2006). Computing Fundamentals. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrieved January 21, 2011, from CIS105 - Computers-Inside and Out.
This is a story about a boy who was once an eejit and now he is healthy and with his family. This boy is Charlie Butler. He was 10 when he became an eejit and currently he is 17. He became an eejit because his family was trying to cross the border to get to The United States and he was the only one to get caught. He hasn’t seen his family since.
The purpose of this project is to build a system that will help and address Tony Chip’s new requirements. All of the new requirements will be considered with the system architecture and it will use all of the applications that still perform after the upgrade and change. The
Imaging experiments were performed by using standard spin warp gradient echo sequence for MRI, except that each phase encoding step was preceded by an ESR saturation pulse to elicit the Overhauser enhancement. Fig.1 shows the pulse sequence started with the ramping of the B0 field to 7.53 mT for 14N labeled nitroxyl radical, followed by switching on the ESR irradiation. Then, the B0 was ramped up to 14.53 mT before the NMR pulse (617 KHz) and the associated field gradients were turned on. At the beginning or end of the cycle, a conventional (native) NMR signal intensity (with ESR OFF) was measured for computing the enhancement factors. A Hewlett-Packard PC (operating system, LINUX 5.2) was used for data acquisition. The images were reconstructed from the echoes by using standard software, and were stored in DICOM format (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). MATLAB codes were used for the computation of DNP parameters and curve fitting. Typical scan conditions were as follows, repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE): 2000 ms/25 ms; ESR irradiation time (TESR): 50 ~ 800 ms, in steps of 50 or 100 ms; RF power, 90 W. The reproducibility of the data was confirmed with several experiments. The DNP parameters and enhancement factors were obtained from the data set with good correlation (R2
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering
Since, real time processing acts as a game changer in big data the research developed would be to have an insight into real time analytics and streaming data to analyze the flow and to evaluate it using certain tools and techniques.
“PACS” which stands for (picture archive communication system) is a healthcare technology for the short and long term storage, retrieval, management, distribution and presentation of medical images(rouse). This system has led the medical field to be more efficient with all of their images and organization of those images. Hospitals all around the world are using this technology and it 's only going to get greater usage and develop even better over time. PACS in general, is made up of several different components, these include imaging systems, such as MRI, CAT scan, and X-ray equipment, A secure network for patient information distribution, computers for viewing and processing images, and lastly archives for storage and retrieval of images and related documentation(PACS).
In imaging science, image processing is processing of images using mathematical operations by using any conformation of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as a picture or video frame, the out turn of image processing may be either an image or a set of features or parameters corrsponding to the image.Most image-processing techniques implicate treating the image as a 2D signal and appealing worth signal-processing techniques to it.
The interview session has been done by include an open-ended and closed-ended question which are related to the implemented project. Next, sampling technique is executed by system analyst who does evaluation to the current system or prototype. These processes give feedback in evaluation form that filled after tested the system. Lastly, observation is performed by using questionnaire form. According to Burch (1992), the questionnaire is analyzed and transform into structured form that easy to understand. After all information has been collected, structuring of system requirement takes place. It focused on development process modeling which perform “graphically representing the process, or actions, that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and environment” (Hoffer, George, & Valacich, 2012, p. 182). In this step, Data flow diagram (DFD) is structured by system analyst using special tools and techniques to create a decision table. According to Hoffer, George and Valacich (2012), decision table is a “diagram of process logic where the logic is reasonably complicated” (p. 200). This table is useful to help system analyst to make a decision toward the project. Then all information’s gained from this phase are documented in System Analysis Report (SAR) that acts as a guideline or reference to the future system development project (Burch, 1992).
Estimated error mainly takes part in generation of updating filter vector in the automatic adjustment of the parametric model. Figure 4.1 Concept of adaptive transversal filter 4.2 Least Mean Square Algorithm Using the steepest descent algorithm if it is mainly concentrated to make accurate measurement of the vector named gradient J(n) at every regular iteration. It is also possible to compute tap weight vector if step size parameter is suitably selected. Step size selection and tap weight vector optimally computed would be related to optimum wiener solution.
Algorithm Efficiency:- To measure an algorithm performance ,we calculate the ‘complexity of an algorithm’ which is a function in terms of data that an algorithm must solve and analyze, when input values are of definite size. A technique for the improvement of memory and space of an algorithm is called ‘time and space trade off.’ Efficiency of algorithm is measured by its
These systems include the number of concurrent interactions of components that have a high level of complexity. These interactions may lead to many hidden cases or undesirable if it is not carefully considered. Thus, real-time systems need to be accurately modeled and verified in order to have confidence in the validity with respect to the desired properties. One of the known formal verification techniques that can be used to validate the systems is UPPAAL "model checking technique"[3.4]. Have shown real-time scheduling theory the transition from the infrastructure on the basis of periodic Executive model scheduling more flexible scheduling, such as fixed priority, scheduling vital priorities, scheduling notes or scheduling extended [5]. There is a conflict between two or more tasks when demand exceeds one at a time in order to kind of resources the availability of this resource. And scheduling has to resolve such disputes before deciding on any of the competing tasks to give a first resource and tasks that will have to wait until resources are freed, Different schedule leads naturally to
In this 21st century, becoming digital is very critical for many businesses across different industries. A few companies have found their successful paths by leveraging the digital aspects of the business. Those companies who have been successful in the digital world, regardless of the industry they are in, are referred to as “Digital Master”. Digital Master is company who has both the digital capability and leadership capability. It is also defined as having strong overarching digital vision, excellent governance across silos, digital initiatives generating business value in measureable ways, and strong digital culture (Westerman, Bonnet, McAfee, 2014).
First of all, in these systems, there tasks are restricted and limited tasks are run simultaneously. Concentration of real time systems are on several applications in order to avoid mistakes and rest of the tasks have to wait. In addition to this drawback, sometimes it is unpredictable and there is not any time restriction in order to show how much the waiting tasks should wait (Liu, Jane W.S., 2000). Second disadvantage is that, a lot of resources are used by real time systems which are not adequate and very expensive. In addition, real time systems are overpriced due to the resources that they need in order to work. Thirdly, the real time systems run several tasks and keep focus on them. This is not a good solution for these systems which use plenty of multi-threading due to weak thread priority (Martin, James, 1965). Fourth problem is that, real time systems use different and complex algorithms in order to reach to the target level and desired output. The problem is that this kind of complex algorithms are difficult for designers in order write. So, the designers have to write adequate program for this kind of systems which is not easy. In addition, real time systems have to make clear its interrupt signals and device drivers in order to respond quickly to interrupts. As the fifth problem, it is observed that, there are low priority tasks which do not get enough time in order to run. The problem is that, the real
Following the creation of the sample, I applied the KNN, SVM, CDA, and k-means pattern recognition algorithm treatment to every member of the sample of the CDAnalysis program and recorded whether the pattern recognition algorithm correctly identified the class of the exposure. If the pattern recognition algorithm determined the class of the exposure to be the same as the same class from which the Cyranose 320 sampled the exposure, then the classification for the exposure was correct. I recorded the correct and incorrect classifications for all exposures from the sample of two hundred exposures and calculated the proportion of the classifications that were correct. I kept this data in an excel sheet for every exposure of