Diglossia

While growing up, the language spoken in my home was Punjabi, and this was spoken by my whole family, including my parents and grandparents. My parents are from Jalandhar, India and my grandparents are originally from East Pakistan, therefore our dialect of Punjabi is Doabi, which is spoken slightly differently than other dialects. Dialects are variations in language, where speakers can still understand each other. On the other hand, two different languages would be unintelligible. Punjabi is a diverse language, which has various dialects, depending on the city in Punjab one has originated from. I was born in India and lived there for a while until my family moved to Vancouver, when I was two years old.

School principals will find in the following lawsuits the legal framework to provide educational services to ELLs in public schools. Baker (1997) points out that a landmark case in favor of bilingual education in the United States was a lawsuit in 1970. The case was a class-action suit brought by the parents of nearly 3000 Chinese students against the San Francisco School District (Lyons, 1990). This case originated that in 1974 the Unites States Supreme Court handed down its only substantive decision regarding the responsibilities of school districts serving ELLs (Lyons, 1990). The court indicated that under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, the Chinese students were entitled to receive specific support to allow them full participation in the school program (Crawford, 1989). This case was known as Lau v. Nichols and its verdict outlawed English submersion programs for language minority students, and resulted in nationwide ‘Lau Remedies’ (Baker, 1997). Lyons (1990) writes that the ‘Lau Remedies’ specified how to identify and evaluate language minority students, determine appropriate instruction, decide when ELLs were ready for mainstream, and determine the professional standards expected of teachers serving language minority students. Under the Lau Remedies school districts were encouraged to provide

In the book, Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Dragon? : Why China Has the Best (and Worst) Education System in the World, published by John Wiley & Sons on August 14, 2014, the author, Yong Zhao, states that while China gets the highest test scores on the PISA exam, parents in China often send their children to western schools. In short Yong Zhao, a Chinese native who was born in Sichuan, claims that Western countries, Britain and America, should not try and adopt China’s education system for many reasons. I my opinion this book did not seem important to pre-service teachers, but after further thought and reading, I conclude that this book is valuable to not only pre-service teachers, but to anyone that is involved in education because it provides reasons why we should not try to adopt China’s education system.

English has become more and more significant. In China, a big part of higher learning, is a

Cindy and the teacher had a trusted relationship. Having no friends that didn’t speak Chinese motivated Cindy to learn English; it her one year to learn to speak and understand English. However, it wasn’t until 6th grade that Cindy felt that she has mastered the English language. Cindy felt the difference between the two school systems. For example: Hong Kong teachers were a lot stricter then the teachers in the United States. Just like every other kid in a new place Cindy experienced fear and exhaustion. She shared how she felt through her film-strips. The filmstrips helped Cindy overcome her shyness. Just like the others; Cindy felt that the was caught in the middle of the two cultures. Cindy experienced some difficulty with cultural identity because of her dual cultural experience and language (p. 89).

Bilingualism and home language can be encouraged by the educator to ensure that the student learns successfully. As an ELL student it can be a challenge to learn a new language, this is why educators should allow students to use their first language to promote a meaningful connection with the second language that is being learned. At home it is quite evident that ELL students communicate using their primary language, therefore at school it is a complete turnaround. Educators, at this point can promote literacy skills in which the native language is used, but then transferred into skills that are valuable to learn English. The home language use in effect influences English learning in maintenance of cognitive aspects in bilingualism by the ELL students (Academic Writing Tips, 2011). For example, encouraging collaboration and peer groups of students of the same academic level, but of various cultures, will promote the student to use their language sparingly, but also become familiar with the second language. ELL students have to have the confidence and courage to learn a second language and develop the literacy skills that are involved in learning, this is when parental and community resources should be available to incorporate English acquisition skills.

Throughout her article, Chu emotionally targets her American audience by complementing the educational system in the United States in comparison to that in China. She begins by describing the “traditional Chinese approach to education,” which produces “undue psychological burdens,” as “outdated” and “discouraging” to establish its myriad of flaws. Moreover, Chu describes

The Chinese government set up a wide system of primary schools. For the first time in all of China’s history the majority of the population received a complete basic education. Even though the government’s “Great Leap Forward” program didn’t put

In life, there are many languages that everyone speaks. In fact, after interpreting the passage, “ Mother Tongue,” by Amy Tan, I’ve discovered many different ways language is interpreted as such as localized lingo , my own language Punjbialish, how others interpret their own languages, and how others speak bilingual , trilingual, and multilingual languages in everyday life. After reading the writer's article on her own experiences with languages it has opened my mind to the many different forms of languages everyone uses in this multicultural technological world we live in. First, i have noticed that most people have grown up learning bilingual, trilingual, and multilingual languages in their household.

The state of Massachusetts was the first in our nation to enforce primary education in 1852- requiring institutions to focus on grammar along with basic mathematics. Since then, educational policies in individual states have controlled the educational system, molding the upcoming generations. In a study, performed by the U.S. Department of Education, a Reading Report Card was constructed showing that 68% of fourth graders could not read at the proficient fourth grade level (Today’s Learners, 2). This evidently, is concerning because literacy skills are a large part of daily life. For this reason American Born Chinese , by Gene Luen Yang, should be instilled in the curriculum of middle school language arts classrooms, to give students diverse

The differences that exist between the Chinese and American education systems are great and obvious. However, some of these differences don’t play to the strengths of the representative country. American schools allow for greater freedom of movement and choice, while Chinese schools decide the “what”, “where”, and “how” of educational circumstance for the students (Bush, tony, and Qiang Haiyan). These differences in structure should lead to a greater educational standard being held by China, but that isn’t always the case. This paper will examine the differences in education system in the two countries and show that the Chinese system, while

Wang and Cross (2005) firstly summarise the issues that have been identified from previous studies, and introduce the methodology used in this research. According to previous experiences of Australian universities, many Chinese students have troubles in language, communications and learning skills, culture adaptation, integration with local students. Specifically, Wang and Cross (2005) point that Chinese students usually find more difficult to achieve academic success using their second language, as well as communicate and establish strong relationship with domestic

I was born in Hong Kong and moved alone to Taiwan to live with my grandmother when I was 12. I struggled to learn the language, Mandarin, and to live and learn alongside children from a very different culture. I was like some alien from outer space in Taiwan – generating stares but not acceptance. However, by being open minded about both my potential and the potential of this little island, I succeeded in adapting. I spoke back to the television set to practice Mandarin; I read books and watched videos to learn Taiwan's culture, history, and literature; and I helped my fellow classmates in our

There are nearly 7000 languages spoken in the world. Among them is the English language. Richard Lederer, a retired high school teacher chose this language to be the subject of his essay “English is a Crazy Language.” In the essay, Lederer describes English with respects to who uses it, when it is used and how it is used. They justify his claim that English is the most widely spoken language in the world.

As a Tesl student in semester 3 , I have to learn new course subject HAE3083 Introduction to sociolinguistic. This subject is really needs to read a lot and have to understand a lot of concept. This is my first presentation ever that I had in this semester. After, finishing my presentation, I and my teammates member consist of four people were asking to write an individual reflection journal essay by my lecturer. Before the day, my lecturer divide the topic and told us to pick which topic that we want to present. My group make a decision to choose a topic Diglossia. I expect that this topic is about diglossia meaning actually about a person that can speak or knows two different language. Next, in the sub topic diglossia it is also have polyglossia