Dihydroxyphenol Scavenger

Wine has several critical components, which create its complex aroma and flavour profile, that oxidise with air. The main oxidisable compounds in wine are phenolics, which include wine pigments. Phenolics or a phenol molecule has a benzene ring structure with a hydroxyl or alcohol functional group (OH) – directly bonded to the benzene ring.

Some of the numerous antioxidants included in red wine are Anthocyanins, flavonols, catechins, flavonoids,resveratrol. “During the last two decades, several epidemiological studies have shown that moderate consumption of red wine may contribute to a reduction in the mortality rate due to cardiovascular diseases.” (El Rayess 3). This is completely contradictory to the argument that alcohol has no benefits, when in fact it can possibly reduce heart disease and cancers. This data further stresses the fact that the government should be more concerned with the health risks of cigarettes and tobacco because statistics support the idea that alcohol is relatively safer for

With all living organisms, a process known as cell respiration is integral in order to provide the body with an essential form of energy, adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Oxygen, although an essential part of this process, can form reactants from colliding with electrons associated with carrier molecules. (pb101.rcsb.org, 2017). Hydrogen peroxide is an integral product of this reaction but is known to impose negative effects on the body if high levels are introduced. Explicitly, this reaction is caused “If oxygen runs into (one of these) carrier molecules, the electron may be accidentally transferred to it. This converts oxygen into dangerous compounds such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which can attack the delicate sulphur atoms and metal ions in proteins.” (pdbh101.rcb.org, 2017). Research has suggested that the hydrogen peroxide can be converted into hydroxyl radicals, known to mutate DNA, which can potentially cause bodily harm due to DNA’s role in the synthesis of proteins. These radicals can cause detrimental effects on the human body, and studies have suggested a link to ageing. Due to the harmful effects of these H2o2, it is important that the body finds a way to dispose of hydrogen peroxide before concentrations are too great.

Resveratrol is an antioxidant that certain plants produce to shield against stress from the environment. People ingest small amounts when they eat red grapes, red wine, berries or dark chocolate.

Purple corn is a Peruvian superfood with more antioxidants than blueberries. This corn contains many phytonutrients including large amounts of polyphenols and anthocyanins, which protect the blood vessels. Studies show that plants with high anthocyanins and phenolic constituents have the highest antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins are a type of complex flavonoid that plants give a blue, purple or red. Anthocyanins are acting anti-inflammatory and stimulate the regeneration of connective tissue.

The purpose of the experiment is isolate the natural products -terpenes and acetogenins- and to observe their properties. The terpene used was used to isolate was limonene from a citrus peel, and the acetogenin that was used to isolate was eugenol from clove oil. The techniques used to isolate these two natural products was a steam distillation and extraction. The amount of eugenol that was recovered 2.39 grams. After the recovery of eugenol, an IR spectrum was obtained. The IR spectrum displayed the presence of an alcohol at 3529.37 cm-1 and an alkene at 1638.08 cm-1. Classification tests are used to determine what is present.The results for the classification tests for eugenol are shown below in the table.

The beneficial effects of resveratrol are unclear. Resveratrol has a direct antioxidant effects, but also stimulates expression of the antioxidant enzymes and the activity of sirtuin 1 (Sirt-1) and adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMP-K), both of which have major effects on glucose and fat metabolism and play a role in aging.It helps to protect the cardiovascular system by supporting healthy blood lipids,promoting the endothelial health,avert blood clots,and preventing heart damage related to ischemia.Resveratrol may have many important anticancer benefits.In the laboratory studies,resveratrol has a major effect in inhibiting the growth of numerous cancers.Scientists have also noticed that red wine drinkers suffer a decreased risk of colorectal

Resveratrol is an antioxidant that is naturally found in grapes, peanuts, pomegranates, blueberries, pistachios and cranberries. Plants naturally produce it in order to fight off attack from harmful bacteria and microbes, to survive in times of drought or to compensate for times when the plant does not have adequate nutrients. Research suggests that one capsule a day may help in the fight against cancer, heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Other findings suggest that the nutrient helps to prevent insulin resistance in diabetics and keeps platelets in the blood from sticking together and forming clots. Vitrition Resveratrol is produced from only all-natural, healthy components to ensure you get the maximum

In order to achieve isoborneol from camphor, a mixture of camphor with methanol and sodium borohydride was heated for about two minutes. Data Table 1 demonstrates the measurements that were taken to prepare the reaction mixture. The addition of sodium borohydride caused the reaction to fizzed.

In addition to several antioxidant compounds that mop up free radicals themselves, mustard contains compounds that enhance the activity of both ingested and internally produced antioxidants. Sulforaphane for example, although not an antioxidant itself, is an effective inducer of internally produced antioxidant enzymes. These, in turn, enhance the activity of the crucial intracellular antioxidant, glutathione and also catalyze production of another of the body's powerful antioxidants,

They tested whether the addition of low-dose antioxidants influences the growth, quality, and genomic stability of induced pluripotent Stem cells (iPS cells). They found that the iPS cells grew well and ‘‘stemness’’ was preserved up to 2 months with the addition of low-dose antioxidant. However, the addition of low-dose antioxidants lowered the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in iPS cells, it did not influence the expression of 53BP1 and ATM (two molecules involved in DNA damage and repair .Moreover, CGH analysis showed that the levels of genetic aberrations were lowered only by the supplements

Quercetin is a polyphenolic flavonoid. Common sources in the diet are apples, onions, berries, and red wine. Epidemiological studies have found an inverse relationship between dietary quercetin intake and cardiovascular disease. This has led to in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research to determine the mechanism by which quercetin exerts cardio-protective effects. Recent studies have found a reduction in blood pressure when hypertensive (>140 mm Hg systolic and >90 mm Hg diastolic) animals and humans are supplemented with quercetin. Proposed mechanisms for the antihypertensive effect of quercetin include decreased oxidative stress, inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme activity, improved endothelial function, direct action on the vascular

Red wine contains naturally occurring compounds called polyphenols; these compounds can also be found in high concentration in tea, nuts, berries, cocoa, and various plants. Recent research into the mechanics of this chemical has shed light on how it works: polyphenols block the formation of toxic aggregations, or masses, of the protein Amyloid

plant sterols (or phytosterols). Sitosterol is one of many plant sterols that accumulate in this

Chocolate has two groups of antioxidants called flavonoids and polyphenols. Antioxidants fight against free radicals in the body. Free radicals are unbalanced compounds created by the natural cellular processes in the body and from environmental toxins. Antioxidants are compounds including vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals that neutralize free radicals and protect the body from their damage. The substances in antioxidants counteract with the damaging normal effects of the body’s process of oxidization. Research shows that antioxidants help in preventing the development of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer’s, rheumatoid arthritis, and cataracts.