Dinoflagellates Bioluminescence Lab Report

Next, place the first set of germinating peas, dry peas and beads and beads alone in vials 1,2, and 3. Place the second set of germinating peas, dry peas and beads, and glass beads in vials 4,5, and 6. Insert the stoppers in each vial with the proper pipette. Place a washer on each of the pipettes to be used as a weight.

7. Take both tubes out of ice and immediately place in incubator at 42٥C for 90 seconds.

Take the bowl of water and the paper towels. Submerge your hand in the water, then pat the paper towel with your hand, to dampen the towels before planting but not to the point where the towels are soaked. Do this for each group of seeds soaked in the solutions (5).

4.Measure 35mL of warm water and add them into each of the 4 test tubes at about roughly the same time. It is essential that the water is warm. Do not seal the test tube.

For this lab you should be in a group of 3-4 and each group have to be able to complete part A,C,D, and F. At each lab table you need a ring stand and clamp, 100ml graduated cylinder, a plastic pan or a rectangular shape bowl, dropper, 50ml beaker, and a cork that is attached to the tube. You will need to put the graduated cylinder upside down connected to the ring stand with water filled in it, but leaving about 10 ml of air in it. You should have the open end in the water and have it 3 cm above the pan. You will need to put the tube inside the graduated cylinder and then pour the substrate into the tube and close it as fast as possible.

Allow 4 hours of urine flow before sending the culture to wash out the biofilm.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to gain knowledge of the functions and operations of the compound light microscope and an immersion oil lens by observing prepared slides of various bacteria and blood slides. We are also learning to indentify and observe the various shapes and characteristics of bacteria, as well as, yogurt cultures (fresh and prepared) and blood samples under a microscopic view. We will also be able to distinguish between blood cultures and bacteria specimens.

L-broth, or a sterile growth media, is dispensed at 35mL into a sterile 125mL flask. Small volumes of E. coli are added to each flask. Each flask is then placed into three separate shaking incubators set for specific temperatures of twenty-five degrees Celsius, thirty degrees Celsius, thirty-seven degrees Celsius, and forty-two degrees Celsius. The incubators are all set to the same shaking speed of 125 rotations per minute. A Spectrophotometer is also used to estimate the density of the culture. A spectrophotometer is a device that transmits a beam of light through space toward a light sensor (Trzepacz et. al). The spectrophotometer measures the density of the culture by measuring the amount of light that travels through to the sensor. The spectrophotometer is set to transmit light at a 600nm wavelength. In order to do so, 1.0 mL of the culture is transferred with a plastic pipet into a cuvette. To remove bubbles from the culture, the bottom of the cuvette is gently tapped. The cuvette is then placed into the spectrophotometer. While the 1.0 mL is being measured, the rest of the E. Coli culture is in the shaking incubators. Every 20 minutes, a new 1.0 mL sample is taken from the E. Coli culture in the incubators and is measured in the spectrophotometer. Four to five absorbance readings were collected during each lab period throughout the

The first method is the pyrogallic acid technique in a solid medium. This technique uses streak cultures on nutrient agar slants. A person pushes a cotton plug into the tube until it almost touches the slant. The space above the cotton gets filled with pyrogallic acid crystals and put sodium hydroxide in there as well. Insert the stopper very tightly and then invert and incubate. The chemicals absorb the oxygen which produces an anaerobic environment. The second method is the shake-culture method in a solid medium. This is a molten and cooled nutrient agar which is inoculated with a loopful of an organism. The tube gets shaken, cooled quickly, and then incubated. The position of growth in the tube makes it the index of gaseous requirements for an organism. The third method os the Paraffin plug technique in a broth medium. It is a medium that has reducing substances like cystein or ascorbic acid in it. This medium gets heated to make the oxygen go away then get quickly cooled and inoculated with a loopful of culture. After that it get immediately sealed with melted paraffin and then gets incubated. The last method is fluid thioglycollate in a broth medium. It is present in redox potential indicator like resazurin, which produces a pink color in an oxidized

Chloroplast Activity in Cells Questions & Hypothesis In wet lab two, our group decided to use the cells of broccoli to perform our experiments. Part one of our experiment was meant to focus on the presence of chloroplasts in solutions of isolation buffer and DCIP. Our group was attempting to find which cell fractionate solution contained the highest amount of broccoli chloroplasts after three separate suspensions were made (P1, P2, S2). The presence of chloroplasts in the solution is directly related to a decrease in measured absorption of 600 nm wavelengths by a spectrometer (Leicht and McAllister 85).

The seeds will be placed ½” under the soil and covered lightly with surrounding soil. The 12 pots will be placed in the tray equidistant from each other on a piece of felt. The felt needs to be fuzzy side up. Before placing the pots in the tray add about 100 mL of water in the tray and make sure the felt is most all across.The plants will be watered 500 mL of water every other day in the first 3 weeks of being planted. From week 4 to week 12 the plants should be watered at least 750 mL but it also depends on how dry the top soil in each pot is. Always feel the top soil of each pot before watering to be sure you do not overwater or under water the plants. On the weekends increase the amount of water poured in the

In Cnidarians an enzyme is needed, either the apoprotein of a photoprotein or a luciferase, to catalyze the oxidation of luciferin. This type of luminescence is fundamentally different from fluorescence as the organism actually makes light energy in bioluminescence instead of absorbing an external light source and reemitting it (Haddock et al. 2005). Bioluminescence in scyphozoans, hydrozoans and anthozoans is dependent on the luciferin coelenterazine exclusively (Haddock 2006). The families are distinct in the catalyst they use as photoproteins are only used by hydrozoans. Scyphozoans and anthozoans both use luciferase but not the same ones in their bioluminescence reactions (Haddock et al. 2010). Some Cnidarians also have a secondary light emitting complex called Green Fluorescent Protein

Increasing pollution both atmospheric and oceanic are encouraging algal growth and increasing the frequency and geographic range of high density dinoflagellate blooms. Public health and economic impacts, as well as negative ecological effects of the aquatic environment are increasing the scientific research done on toxic dinoflagellate species. Contaminated bivalves are causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in humans (DSP); with the number of cases increasing steadily in the last 40 years. Toxins released by certain species of the phylum dinoflagellate are the cause of this spreading

1. Number four clean test tubes 1-4. 2. Place 1 ml (or 20 drops) of the following solutions into each tube: water, egg albumin, starch, and chicken broth. 3. Add 3 drops of Buiret reagent to each tube and gently shake

depend on light or other energy taken in by the organism and is just the